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阿瑟·莫里森贫民窟三部曲的济贫思想探讨 [2]

论文作者:留学生论文论文属性:硕士毕业论文 dissertation登出时间:2023-06-25编辑:vicky点击率:505

论文字数:38555论文编号:org202306151513214656语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 44

关键词:英语文学论文

摘要:本文是一篇英语文学论文,本文以济贫这一社会学问题为研究中心,揭露了莫里森对资本主义制度的尖锐批判和对底层贫民的深切同情与殷切期望,包含朴实的早期社会主义思想。

there is the incredible, low, forsaken wild, treeless and drained of any green thing, seen from the closer middle, with the road bounding it in the distance; and here is the chemical manure-factory, not far off this time, with its smell at short-hitting range” (Morrison, 2018: 166), which forces the farmers to leave their home and make a survival in big cities. As Engels points out that “I have often used the worker and the proletariat as synonyms, including the working class, the property-less class and the proletariat” (Engels, 1998: 6). Thus in Morrison’s slum novels, the farmers, who lose their land and private property and rely on slender income to live on, have turned into working men and proletarians.

Chapter Two The Criticism of the Governmental Anti-poverty Practice

2.1 Hypocritical Charity: The Ineffectiveness of Slum Clearness

Britain has always been a relatively developed country in charity, with a long history (Ding, 2005). With the influence of the ongoing economic crisis and increasingly severe poverty issues, even though charities develop further and reach a considerable scale in the 19th century, especially religious charity plays a vital role during that period, its effect on poverty relief is limited even detestable and its amount of relief is slim (Shu, Gao & Chu, 2017: 140) on account of some policies and measures that are out of step with the time. Thus there is a situation in British society that on the one hand many impoverished people are in the need of relief. And if the help is not given they might die of hunger or commit a crime. On the other hand, the bourgeoisie believes in the idea of the individualism that poverty is the result of individual laziness and the relief for the poor means a concession to indolence (Chen, 2009). 

Confronting the severe situation of the underclass, the selfishness of the bourgeoisie, and the absence of the governmental intervention, Morrison reveals the hypocrisy and absence of the religious charity in his slum novels, implying the failure of the governmental relief at the end of the 19th century.

To begin with, the principle of the charity organization is that the poor should get rid of the poverty through their hard work and frugalness instead of relying on the help of some public charity organizations (Engels, 1998: 102), which has exerted a negative impact on the progress of poverty relief and exacerbates social contradictions. The reason is that if the poor find out that they could rely on state welfare or charity when trapped in difficulty, they would not struggle to cope with the difficulties and then the dependence would follow. Under these circumstances, individuals would neither care about the causes of their miserable lives nor consider relying on their efforts to improve their lives, resulting in turning to the road of laziness, in which their living conditions would worsen and be harmful to social progress. 

2.2 Incomplete Relief: The Shortcomings of the New Poor Law

In the preceding sections of the thesis, it explores the extreme poverty of the underclass physically and spiritually and the exploration of the bourgeoisie to the impoverished in Morrison’s slum novels based on Engels’ anti-poverty theory. At the same time, as the basic unit to take the actions to help the poor, the charity, particularly the religious charity fails to play a si论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

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