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工艺美术运动开始于19世纪80年代左右，在扩展到欧洲和美国之前，该运动主要根据地在英国。这场运动主要是针对快速发展的机器制造业的回应，希望找到一种更加受欢迎的设计和装饰。这场回应运动取得了成功，人们开始关注手工制作的物品，认为手工品相较于机器制造来说更有价值，但是这并没有阻挡住机器制造的发展步伐，因为它代表着科技的进步，并且能够实现大规模生产，让生活变得便捷。人们通常会考虑到承担能力而选择机器制造的产品，然而手工制品却价格高昂，因为通常认为，手工制品是人们亲手制作的，融合进了人们的思想、考虑、时间、注意力和爱，这些都是我们从机器产品上无法获得的。

工艺美术运动的发生也是因为当时设计和装饰的劣质水平，很多艺术家发现当时的设计粗俗不堪，因此一些艺术家、建筑家和哲学家开始了这场运动，展示他们的手工艺品。运动发起人沃尔特克兰在一次展览写到，“将我们的艺术家转变成手艺人，手艺人再转变成艺术家。”他们也的确做到了，这场运动大受欢迎，很多设计师搬迁到郊区环境，寻找自然材料来创作艺术品。

The Arts and Crafts movement began around the 1880s and largely in Britain before spreading across Europe and America. The style itself started as a means of creating a reaction towards the largely growing machine production industry and to search for a more popular design and decoration. The focus on creating a reaction against the machine production caught on and people began to see handmade and personally crafted objects as far more valuable compared to their machine made competition, however this didn't stop machine production as it was a way forward in technology and made mass production and life easier. Machine productions were and often still are chosen for affordability whereas hand crafted items are highly valued, this is because of the notion that if it has been made by hand then a lot of thought, consideration, time, attention and love has been crafted into the item whereas you do not get that from a machine made product.

The Arts and Crafts movement was also born from the poor quality of design and decoration of the time, many artists found the design at the time artificial and vulgar so a group of artists, architects and philosophers started the society of Arts and Crafts and began displaying their craftsmanship and artistry. The founding president Walter Crane wrote at one of the exhibitions 'turn our artists into craftsmen and craftsmen into artists.' And that is exactly what they did, the movement caught on and many designers/makers moved away to more rural surroundings and used natural materials to create. Many of them were influenced by the Gothic revival focusing mainly on bold forms and strong colours from medieval designs. The Arts and Crafts movement was also largely influenced by socialism, the ideas of John Ruskin and the effects of the dehumanising effects of industrialisation. Work of the Arts and Crafts movement besides following the main principles and philosophies can often be recognised by the use simple forms, stylised flowers, allegories from the Bible and literature, upside down hearts, Celtic motifs and copper and pewter all handmade of course. However work without any of these styles can be considered part of the Arts and Crafts movement as long as it followed the main principles and philosophies, as well as being handmade.

One of the leading members of the Arts and Crafts movement was William Morris, best known for his pattern designs, particularly on fabrics and wallpapers had a vision of merging industry and art by applying the main values of art to industry and commercial design. Morris became internationally renowned which led to the large spread of the movement across Europe and Am本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。