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erica, however the industrial revolution hadn't quite effected America as much as England and therefore the Arts and Crafts movement didn't quite take off as well as it had overseas, it did however work its way through smaller communities starting with Boston via lectures, classes, social meetings and various other ways of showing and telling. However the move didn't really take off until Frank Lloyd Wright introduced a new way of living by designed environments, bringing together architecture and interior design in the style of Arts and Crafts. This opened up a whole world of opportunities for home makers to furnish their house to the theme of Arts and Crafts.

The Bauhaus movement founded by German architect Walter Gropius in the city of Weimar in 1919 had the main objective of re-shaping the world to be seen as art and to unify all arts in doing so. Gropius' aim was to create a crafts guild combining sculpture, architecture and painting into one and doing so produce designers and artisans capable of creating anything that pleases both aesthetically and functionally. The Bauhaus is German 'house of architecture', from Bau 'building' + Haus 'house' and like a place of education followed a curriculum in which the students would study all kinds of crafts and design from Bauhaus theory studies of materials and colours to more in depth workshops of metalworking and pottery, they were taught to bring unification of the arts through craft, however this was a short lived aim as it became apparent as financially impractical. Therefore Gropius adopted a slightly different goal, in 1923 adamant on keeping craft as the main emphasis and designing for mass production he changed the slogan to 'Art into Industry.'

Two years later Walter Gropius moved the school from Weimar to Dessau and designed a new building in which to teach, this building contained features that become huge in modernist architecture, for example exposed steel structures and glass curtain walls. However three years later Walter Gropius stepped down as director and handed leadership over to an architect named Hannes Mayer, unfortunately after pressure from the government he also stepped aside only two years later to make way for Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, he redirected the curriculum to be much more architectural based. However due to the political situation in Germany the school was relocated to Berlin operating on a much smaller scale but unfortunately this wasn't enough and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe eventually closed the school in 1933 under pressure from the Nazi regime.

After the Bauhaus was closed down many of the teachers and students emigrated to avoid spending the years during the war in Germany, a lot moved to America to continue teaching, Walter Gropius went to Harvard and László Moholy-Nagy who was studio director of metal working until 1928 went to Chicago to establish the new Bauhaus which eventually became the precursor of the Illinois Institute of Technology's Institute of Design. However as well as the style the Bauhaus lives on, in the form of the Bauhaus foundation located in Dessau, it is a centre for research, teaching and experimental design.

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