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as a threat multiplier by becoming the tipping point leading to a more chaotic situation in Pakistan. The prospect of Pakistan defending itself with nuclear assets to stop water manipulation is extremely low, but in tandem with other sources of conflict, water manipulation as a set of persuasive tools could lead to Pakistan perceiving itself as being pushed against a wall. [15]

 

Against the backdrop of options which mirror from absolutely unpragmatic to the ordinary, there exists a requirement on part of the Indian establishment to understand the vulnerabilities of Pakistan regarding the IWT and provide a framework to take care of them. Few recommendations which merit consideration are as follows :-

 

(a)The IWT is a product of the realities and technologies as it existed in 1960’s and there is an urgent requirement to provide it adequate teeth to make it conjunct to the present realities. It need to be fruitfully modified, structured and renegotiated to bring it more in line with contemporary international watercourse law, the Helsinki rules, and emerging concerns with water quality, environmental sustainability, climate change, and principles of equitable sharing. But that renegotiation, if it ever happens, is going to be absolutely contingent upon significant improvement in bilateral relations between India and Pakistan which need to be pushed forward by leadership in both countries.

 

(b)Indian government need to impress upon its official machinery to take Pakistan’s concern more seriously for example data availability or storage capacity in individual projects. Often with regard to the water sector the issue is not what the Indian government is doing, it is how it is doing it. As long as the two countries continue to be hostile and mutually suspicious, the imperfect IWT will have to be the benchmark on which future corrections need to be made.

 

(c)Instead of sharing of rivers which the IWT has factored, a principal of sharing of costs and benefits of the complete Indus system must be explored that also takes into account the energy requirements of Jammu & Kashmir thus comforting many an agitated secessionist hearts and minds.

 

(d)India could be more forthcoming with flow data in rivers especially from catchment areas and be more prompt and open in communicating its planned projects on the Indus basin to Pakistan, particularly in the western basin to which it is very sentimental.

 

(e)An effective telemetric system could be deployed from a reliable international engineering firm which has the credibility of both the countries which will ensure that the treaty is being enforced. Such a mechanism will monitor water theft by either side since this disrupts all peace process and leads to baseless allegations from both sides. Such a system was proposed by the Pakistani delegation to the Indian establishment in the bilateral talks in F本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。