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引述某人的话一般采用两种形式:一种是直接引语(Direct Speech),即原封不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内;另一种是间接引语(Indirect Speech),即用自己的话加以转述,被转述的内容不放在引号内。

一、直接引语变间接引语

A.陈述句的间接引语

直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句,引述动词通常是say,tell等。与此同时,间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。

The foreigner said to me,“I like Beijing very much.”

那老外对我说:“我很喜欢北京。”

→The foreigner told me that he (she)liked Beijing very much.

那老外告诉我说他(她)很喜欢北京。

She said,“We are very fond of sports.”她说:“我们都喜欢体育运动。”

→She said that they were very fond of sports.她说他(她)们都喜欢体育运动。

“I/ll go over the grammar lesson once again,”he said.

他说:“我将把语法课再复习一遍。”

→He said that he would go over the grammar lesson once again.他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。

B.疑问句的间接引语

1.一般疑问句和反意疑问句

一般疑问句改为间接引语时,要用陈述语序,并要加连词if或whether,其主句动词常用ask,wonder,want to know,didn)t know等。句末不用问号。

My teacher asked me,“Do you like American country music?”我老师问我:“你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗?”

→My teacher asked me if/ whether I liked American country music.我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。

“You haven’t been to Beijing, have you?”asked he.他问:“你没去过北京,是吗?”

→He asked me if/whether I had been to Beijing.他问我是否去过北京。

2.否定的一般疑问句和选择疑问句

如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时,用whether/or连接。

She said,“Don’t you know my telephone number?”她说:“你难道不知道我的电话号码吗?”

→She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not.

她问我是否知道她的电话号码。

“Do you like this one or that one?”Tom asked.汤姆问:“你是喜欢这个还是那个?”

→Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one.汤姆问我是喜欢这个还是那个。

3.特殊疑问句

直接引语为特殊疑问句时,间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句,注意从句必须用陈述语序,主句谓语动词常用ask。

He asked,“How do you like it?”他问:“你觉得怎样?”

→He asked me how I liked it.

他问我觉得它怎样。

She asked me,“What’s the matter with you?”她问我:“你怎么啦?”

→She asked me what was the matter with me.她问我我怎么啦。

“How many books do you have?”she asked.她问:“你有多少本书?”

→She asked me how many books I had.她问我有多少本。

4.其它

英语中有些疑问句并非提出疑问,而是表示请求、劝告、建议等。这种疑问句变为间接引语时,往往采用其他的形式。

①suggest doing

“Shall we all go to the film tonight?”said Michael.迈克尔说:

“我们今晚都去看电影,好吗?”

→Michael suggested going to the film tonight.迈克尔建议今晚都去看电影。

“What about having a drink?” he asked.他问:“喝一杯怎么样?”

He suggested having a drink.他建议喝一杯。

②advise sb.to do

“Why don!t you go hiking?” asked James.詹姆斯问:“你为什么不徒步旅行?”

James advised me to go hiking.詹姆斯建议我去徒步旅行。

③offer to do

He said,“Would you like me to post the letter?”他说:“你要我寄信吗?”

He offered to post the letter.他主动提出寄信。

④ask sb.to do

“Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow?”she said to me.她对我说:“劳驾你明天把你的参考书带来好吗?”

→She asked me to take my reference book there the next day.

她让我第二天把我的参考书带去。

C.祈使句的间接引语

1.直接引语为祈使句时,间接引语往往用复合宾语来表示,其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(动词不定式)。引述动词可根据口气选用tell,ask,order,command, request等词,句中please去掉。

She said to me,“Please have a rest.”她对我说:“请休息一下。”

→She asked me to have a rest.她要求我休息一下。

“Don’t all answer at once,” she said to the pupils.她对学生说:“大家不要齐声回答。”

→She told the pupils not to answer all at once.她叫学生不要齐声回答。

2.带有let的祈使句(表示请求,建议或命令),可用suggest+v-ing形式或suggest+that从句来表示其相应的意思。

“Let!s go for a walk,”said the girl.那姑娘说:“让我们去散散步吧。”

→The girl suggested going for a walk.这女孩建议去散散步。

The teacher said,“Let Lily tidy the classroom.”老师说:“让莉莉整理教室。”

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