英语论文网

characteristics of the creation of time and place utility (Mentzer et al., 1989). According to a study conducted by Coyle (1992), major part of a product's value is the company's ability to deliver the right product in the right amount at the right place at the right time for the right customer in the right condition at the right price. As per this definition, it implies that a major share of the value of a product is generated by logistics services, i.e. the process in which the item is delivered to the end-user. In today's demanding and competitive environment, most companies rely on external network partners to support their logistics services, thereby enabling them to focus on their core competencies, hence strengthening their supply chain. Greater significance is given to logistics services world-wide for easier accessibility and convenience in delivering value to customers in locations that are diversely differentiated from the others.

组织设计与管理——Organizational Design And Management

The design and management of an organization's processes is vital in order to ensure proper corporate governance and optimum performance (Michael and Arthur). Gary Wamsley during a research suggested that, as a result of this importance in design and management, two focii have contributed to the systematization and the use of knowledge to benefit organizations more pragmatically; (1) Organizational Design; and (2) Organizational Development (2004). While organizational design focuses on involvement of a set of the organization's formal variables to find integration between the micro-focus of organizational behavior and the macro-focus of organizational structures and processes; organizational development focuses on the interactive processes between individuals and groups based on a behavioral perspective (Gary Wamsley et al., 2004). The theory of organizational analysis - design and development, is a result of a combination of definitions and concepts revolving around these two attributes. This paper studies the characteristics of organizational analysis from three different perspectives - 

(1) Bureaucratic Perspective,

(2) Contingency Perspective and

(3) Cultural Perspective

官僚主义的视角——Bureaucratic Perspective

Organizational structure has been classified and defined in several numbers of ways in the literature. Each of these methods in some way differentiates organizations in terms of how tasks are allocated among organizational units and how decision-making authority is specified (Gregory et al., 1999). From a theoretical point of view, the degree of uncertainty to which an organization is subjected to is related to its structural composition, the processes of information and decision-making, i.e. to what level is the decision-making authority centralized and decentralized within the organization, and the level to which written rules and standard operating procedures influence the actions and behaviors of employees, and the tasks and responsibilities associated with each of their role.

Studies by Richard Hall (1962) and Lawrence & Lorsch (1967) show that successful organizations develop differentiated structures based on the different levels of predictability to which their sub-tasks and specific environmental relations are subjec本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。