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Lower Upper
Pair 1 Pleasant/Unpleasant - E or not 2.61478 3.0791 0.15816 2.30379 2.92576 16.532 378 0

Figure 3: the paired samples test for the processing of the memory

As can be seen in the Figure 1, the mean is 10.8 and standard deviation is 7.68 for the category of the “pleasant” and also mean is 8.18 and standard deviation is 2.89 for the category of “unpleased”.

Besides that, the Figure 3 has demonstrated that the table has indicated that T-Value(t) is 16.53. In addition, the p-value (p) is less than 0.001. Also, the degree of freedom(df) is 378.

4.0 Discussion 讨论

4.1 t Value
A typical example of a repeated measurement t-test is where the subject is a prior therapeutic trial, said that for hypertension and the same subject is tested again with a hypotensive drug treatment. By comparing the same patient numbers before and after treatment, we effectively used each patient as their own control. In this way, the right to reject the null hypothesis (which is not dealt with here, the difference) can become easier; there is statistical power to simply increase, because random changes in patients have now been eliminated (Randall&Tyldesley, 2016). Note, however, that the growth of statistical power comes at a cost: more testing needs to be done twice a topic. Since half of the sample is now dependent on the other half, the student t-test pair version has a unique 'n / 2-1' degree of freedom (n is the total number of observations). The pair becomes a separate test cell and the sample must be doubled to achieve the same number of degrees of freedom (Greengard, 2016).
The results from a paired sample are then used to form a paired sample, using other variables along the variable being measured along with the paired sample t-test 'match-to-sample'. Matching is performed by identifying pairs of observations from one of each two samples, with similar values for the other measurement variables. This approach is observed in studies that are sometimes used to reduce or eliminate the effects of interfering factors. Paired samples t tests are often referred to as 'dependent t-tests.'
As summarized, T-Value (t) is 16.53.

4.2 Degree of freedom
In statistics, the degree of freedom refers to the calculation of a statistic, the value of the number of unrestricted variables. Usually df = n-k. Where n is the number of samples, k is the number of condition numbers or variables, or the number of other independent statistics used to calculate a certain statistic. Degrees of freedom are typically used in sampling distributions (Wang & Liu, 2016). Firstly, when estimating the population mean, the number of samples in the n are independent of each other, from which any number does not affect the other data, so the degree of freedom is n. Secondly, the degree of freedom of the statistical model is equal to the number of independent variables can be free. As in the regression equation, if there are a total of p parameters need to estimate, which includes the p-1 independent variables (with the intercept of the independent variable is constant 1). Thus the degree of freedom of the regression equation is p-1. (Smith, Sáez, &Doabler, 2016). Mathematically, the degree of freedom is a dimension of a random vector, or the number of domains that are essentially 'free' components (the number of components required f