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here.(7) Then the elders gathered them and10held meeting and11gave much money to the soldiers,and12said,’Say that his disci-ples came by night and13stole him when we slept.(8) And14if the judge asks this, we will advise him and15make you secure.”(9) Then they took the money, and16did all as they wereinstructed, and17this story was spread abroad among (the) Jewsto this present day.(10) Then the eleven disciples went to the mountain wherethe Lord (had) appointed them.(11) And18saw him there and19they worshipped (to) him.(12) Truly, they doubted him.(13) Then the Lord came near and20spoke to them thesethings and21thus said,”All power in heaven and22on earth isgranted to me.”(14) Go therefore and23teach all nations.(OE Gospels. Dennis Freeboren 1992.61)在这一段仅14句的圣经译文中,只用了7个连词,按出现频率排列为:and23; then7; when2; that2; if1; where1;as1.(指数表示该词出现的次数)。其中and的频率明显高于其它的连词,仅两个句子没有and出现。但是这23个and的语义内涵和逻辑结构却是复杂、模糊的。例如,其中“and 4,14,18”所连接的前后两个命题间的逻辑关系明显不同。

 

3　分析

 

第一,按发生认识论的观点,人在开始进行语言交际时只是顺序性地陈述一个个概念或命题。并不十分强调概念或命题间的逻辑关系。因此,连词and的原始基本功能仅用于表示两个概念或命题之间的并存或时序性的连接的,不考虑命题间的逻辑关系。而严格的逻辑关系都处于隐性状态。这必然造成其逻辑语义内涵及功能的模糊性,这就是最初始的and的语法隐喻性的体现。分析上例圣经译文中23个and的实际语句逻辑结构关系,按Halli-day的衔接理论可以归纳为下列几种。⑴延伸增补:and1= and also;and5= and also; and12= and also;and20= (As)…and also;and22= and also转折:and4= but = and however⑵增强同时: and3= while= and at the same time =andwith thepurpose that;and18…and19= and no sooner…than接续: and2=and then结果: and11= and then;and13= and so;and9= and hence目的: and3= and in order to ; and6= and in order to;and7= andwiththe purpose to; and8= and in orderto; and10=and with the purpose条件:And14if因果:and15= and so as to;and16= and so;therefore and23手段:and17= and thus in this way; and21thus.由此分析可以看出,几乎每一个and在逻辑语义层面上除了其所指意义外都包含着一个衍生意义。衍生意义取决于组分命题的语义内涵、组分命题之间的关系、心理运算、及合成命题的语境的综合作用。and连接的组分命题的语义内涵间存在着隐性的逻辑关系,即and的逻辑衍生意义,它需通过心理运算解读。而离开隐喻性思维,这种运算是无法进行的。正是这衍生意义使and在逻辑语义层面上具备同时承担两种交织的语篇衔接功能的特性,这也正是该词的语法隐喻功能的体现。Sperber和Wilson认为语篇的连贯性涉及听话者在交际本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。