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pronouns,but we often translate them into verb phrases. When IP serve as subjects, they are placedeither at the beginning or at the end of the sentences. In English technical texts, it is verycommon for IP to be placed at the end of the sentences. It means if the infinitive phrases aretoo long, they are usually placed postpositionally and “it” acts as the antecedent or the formalsubject in order to keep balance of the structure of sentences. However, it is unnecessary totranslate “it” in translation. In these two examples, the infinitive phrases “to know how to control the weight of linescreated in vector software” and “to use the arrow keys at this stage” are the real subjects, and“it” is the formal subject. In translation we’d better not translate “it” but place the infinitivephrases propositionally. Moreover, we translate the infinitive phrases into verb-objectstructure phrases.
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2.2 Gerund structures and their translation strategies
A gerund functions as a noun, so it can serve as the subject, predicative, object orattribute in a sentence (Zhao & Liao, 2011). When a gerund phrase acts as the predicative in a sentence structure of SVP (S refers tosubject; V refers to link verb; P refers to predicative.). In this case, we can translate thesentence by adopting the method of linear translation or inverse translation. However, onlyone method is in accordance with Chinese expression. Ex.20 A familiar and recurring problem for the digital artist is cutting Very fine objectsaway from backgrounds.Translation: 对于数字艺术家来说，一个熟悉且反复出现的情况是，从背景中抠取非常精细的对象。In this example, according to the Chinese expression we translate the gerund phrase inthe method of linear translation.Ex.21 Drawings and photographs are easily combined using layers, but less easy iscombining the two so that it is difficult to discern drawing from photo.Translation: 利用图层能很容易地把线描画和照片结合在一起，但若想在照片中完全辨认不出线描画，也就是说要实现两者的完美结合，却不是件容易的事情。In this example, according to the Chinese expression we translate the gerund phrase in themethod of inverse translation.
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3. Parallel structures and their translation strategies......16
3.1 Literal translation .........16
3.2 Conversion........17
3.3 Combination .....18
3.4 Repetition .........18
3.5 Amplification....19
3.6 Induction.....19
4. Conclusion .....20

3. Parallel structures and their translation strategies

“Parallel structures are made up of two or more than two words, phrases, participles orsentences that have related meaning, consistent tone and identical or equivalent syntacticstructures. If parallel structures are used properly in the text, they can have a good effect onthe style and rhetoric of the text. If there are parallel structures in a text, the structure of thesentence or the discourse is clear, orderly and harmonious.”(Fang, 1999)In English technical texts, in order to express rigorously we often use parallel structures.Parallel structures can make the sentence powerful and rhythmic and can help express themeaning logically and clearly. The basic principle of parallel structures is to use similar orsame syntactic structures. Concretely speaking, the adverb corresponds with an adverb; theadjective corresponds with an adjective; the preposition corresponds with a preposition; thenoun corresponds with a noun and the number corresponds with a number. Therefore，thewording i本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。