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of classes such as listening, speaking, reading and writing. A total of 123 teaching fragments are obtained, of which 84 are defined as fragments of explicit instruction, 35 are classified as implicit instruction and 4 belong to integrated instruction (Table 4-1). Teaching methods are divided into explicit and implicit ones by whether teachers explain grammar rules directly. For example, the methods used in explicit instruction such as grammar translation, inductive method and so on are all to present the grammar rules in different ways. But implicit methods do not explain grammar rules directly but let students communicate with other or finish task in a real situation, such CLT and TBLT. The observational result of explicit instruction is 68.2%, which shows that teachers are willing to use explicit instruction in grammar teaching. It can be attributed to the fact that most teachers think explicit instruction can save time. And the percentage of implicit instruction in grammar is 28.5%. The result presents that implicit instruction is also employed by teachers in some cases. Only 3.3% of integrated instruction is used by teachers. 

CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION

5.1 Major Findings

Based on the analysis of classroom observation, interviews and questionnaire results, the following findings are obtained.

Both explicit instruction and implicit instruction are widely used in junior high school English grammar teaching, but different teachers have different teaching practice. It can be seen that explicit teaching plays a dominant role in grammar teaching in junior high schools. Implicit instruction is also used to promote students’ grammar learning to some extent. The findings can be concluded as follows. The explicit methods of grammar translation method and drill method are commonly used. The implicit methods used by teachers to promote grammar learning include communicative language teaching method, task-based teaching method and indirect method. In some cases, the integrated method is employed in grammar teaching, such as the combination of communicative language teaching approach and grammar translation method, and the combination of indirect method and grammar translation method. As for language used for grammar teaching, in most cases teachers use a combination of Chinese and English in explicit instruction. But in implicit instruction English is used mainly to create a communicative atmosphere. What’s more, explicit instruction is commonly used in grammar class, and implicit instruction is often used in listening and grammar class. The teaching form of explicit and implicit instruction includes one to one form, pair work, group work and whole class work. Among them the whole class form is organized regularly in explicit instruction. One to one form and pair work are used more frequently in implicit instruction. 

reference(omitted)

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