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rade between them, they also unified their tariffs on goods imported from outside.

This means that products pay the same tariff whether they enter the EU via the ports of Genoa or Hamburg. As a result, a car from Japan which pays import duty on arrival in Germany can be shipped to Belgium or Poland and sold there in the same way as a German car. No further duty is charged.

On July 1, 1999 changes to the Duty-Free and Tax-Free laws that apply to European Union countries came into effect. However, you can still buy a wide range of Duty and Tax-Free goods when you travel abroad. If you are flying outside the European Union you are entitled to your full allowance of goods at Tax and Duty Free prices.

The EU is the world's largest importer of textiles and clothing products together with the US. In 1999, the value of imports amounted to over € 59.3 billion.

EU is also proposing that all WTO Members agree to deeper cuts for textiles, clothing, and footwear, with a view to bringing these tariffs within a narrow common range as close to zero as possible. This would also require that non-tariff barriers are substantially reduced and all export restrictions on raw materials are removed.

Taiwan will join the United States and Japan in filing a complaint under the World Trade Organization's framework over a tariff dispute with the European Union, press reports said. Taiwan plans to pursue the WTO case to force the EU to eliminate tariffs on certain information technology (IT) products.

Explain what differences in technical standards might mean for a company involved in international trade

Technical standards are requirements for admission of a product or service. Companys and manufacturers must be aware of these standards as they must meet these requirements in order to sell it.

The letters 'CE' on a product is a manufacturer's claim that their product meets the requirements of all relevant European Directives.

CE marking on a product:

Indicates to governments that the product can be legally sold within the European Union (EU) and the European Free Trade Area (EFTA)

Ensures the product can move freely throughout the European Single Market

Indicates to customers that the product meets designated minimum safety standards and therefore a minimum level of quality
Promotes public health and safety

Enhances product credibility

Leads to improved sales and greater customer satisfaction

Founded in 1918, ANSI is a voluntary organization composed of over 1,300 members (including all the large computer companies) that creates standards for the computer industry. ANSI is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States.

The restriction of imports into a country by government measures reasons for protectionism
Reasons for protectionism
Protects UK businesses from extra competition
Helps new UK businesses to develop before they face competition
Helps protect UK jobs
Prevents foreign countries 'dumping' lots of cheap imports into the UK
Prevents imports of harmful or desirable goods
Benefits of free trade and trade barriers
Protectionism keeps