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Abstract 7-8
摘要 9-10
Abbreviations 10-11
Chapter One Introduction 11-14
    1.1 Background of the Research 11-12
    1.2 Objectives of the Research 12
    1.3 Significance of the Research 12-13
    1.4 Structure of the Thesis 13-14
Chapter Two Literature Review 14-25
    2.1 Pragmatic Failure 14-16
        2.1.1 Definition of Pragmatic Failure 14-15
        2.1.2 Classification of Pragmatic Failure 15-16
    2.2 Apology Speech Act 16-20
        2.2.1 Theoretical Background 16-18
        2.2.2 Definitions of Apology 18-19
        2.2.3 Previous Studies on Apologies & Apology Strategies 19-20
    2.3 Apology Strategies 20-25
        2.3.1 Fraser’s Classification 21
        2.3.2 Cohen and Olshatain’s Classification 21
        2.3.3 Holmes’ Classification 21-22
        2.3.4 Blum-Kulka and Olshtain’s CCSARP 22-23
        2.3.5 The Strategies Adopted in the Current Study 23-25
Chapter Three Research Methodology 25-30
    3.1 Research Questions 25-26
    3.2 Subjects 26
    3.3 Instruments 26-28
    3.4 Research Procedures 28-30
Chapter Four Results and Discussions 30-55
    4.1 An Overall Analysis on Apology Strategies 30-32
4.2 Distribution of Apology Strategies 32-39
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