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韵律是一个重大的语音以及语音研究领域。暂停，节奏，语调，F0开始，结束时间音素和重音（杜波依斯等人，1993）主要参数确定某种语言的韵律。Lehiste（1970）采用般的语气，压力和语调来描述一种语言的节奏模式。从20世纪90年代，这个词开始，被用来代替的前一任语言节奏韵律。段用于现在的优选和更倾向替代电话的方式是类似的。之前，双元音或其他等方面很普遍，但现在，段是一个被广泛接受的术语，用来语言学家。韵律一词是更一般的术语是广泛地适用于扬声器的情感，以及语法或词汇之外的元素。Prosody is a major field of phonetic as well as phonological studies. Pauses, tempo,intonation, starting F0, ending phoneme duration and accent (Du Bois et al, 1993) are mainparameters in determining a certain language’s prosody. Lehiste (1970) adopts terms liketone, stress, and intonation to describe rhythmic patterns of a language. From the 1990s,the term prosody began to be used to substitute the former term language rhythm. It issimilar to the way segment is used now as a preferred and much trendy alternative to phone.As before, terms like diphthong or triphthong are very popular but now segment is awidely accepted term used among linguists. The term prosody is a more general term to bewidely applicable to a speaker’s emotion as well as elements beyond grammar orvocabulary.As an important constituent of prosody, focus is the attention-getting part in a sentence andis more prominent or accented than other parts in that sentence. Chomsky (1970) oncementioned that, “There is no reason to suppose that a satisfactory characterization of Focusand presupposition can be given in purely grammatical terms, but there is little doubt thatgrammatical structure plays a part in specifying them.” (Chomsky 1970: footnote 22, qtd.in Couto 2005:1)
这揭示了复杂性，重点作为一门学科的语言调查。在语言学，重点指的是句子或话语的注意。其实在它的利益远远超出了在语音层面的韵律。从乔姆斯基以上报价需要语法的立场来看待这个问题。不过也有语义和语用的角度音韵以外的其他问题。重点可以实现本身通过不同变形句法标记，词序，一个句子，极性或特定的解释以外的逻辑值逻辑值，或音高重音轮廓。这些陈述属于不同层次的语言学研究。变形句法标记和词序反映了语法特征。逻辑值无疑代表作为emantics关注的。极性可以是语义的，有时甚至是务实的时用作内涵。具体解释可以务实暗示。在音韵水平，重点代表，音高重音轮廓变化。
乔姆斯基生成语法在传统的，也有内三个层次的语言，即语义，语法和音韵。语法音韵和语义韵律信息传达的重点。
This reveals the complex nature of focus as a subject of linguistic investigation. Inlinguistics, focus refers to an attention of the sentence or utterance. Actually interests uponit are far beyond prosody at the phonological level. The above quotation from Chomskytakes a syntax stance to look at this problem. Still there are other concerns from semanticsand pragmatics perspectives other than a phonological one. Focus can realize itself viadifferent morph-syntactic markers, word order, the logical value of a sentence, polarity orspecific interpretation other than the logical value, or pitch accent contour. Theserepresentations belong to different levels of linguistic studies. Morph-syntactic markersand word order reflects a syntactic feature. The logical value undoubtedly stands for asemantics concern. Polarity can be either semantic, or sometimes even pragmatic whenused as connoted. Specific interpretation can be implied pragmatically. At phonologicallevel, focus represents as pitch accent contour change.
In traditional Chomskyan generative grammar, there are three levels within language,namely, semantics, syntax and phonology. Syntax conveys focus as prosodic information tophonology and semantics. Phonology and semantics cannot exchange information directly.They have syntax as intermediates. Focus can be treated as syntactically marked and atphonological surface represented as pitch accent or other means of prominence. Inpragmatics, focus refers to the introduction of new information in contrast with giveninformation. This is based on the dichotomy tradition of pragmatics on top本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。