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ance” (Hawk 18).What’s more, Richard T. Stock’s “Surprise Ending: Richard Powers’s The EchoMaker, Mystery Stories, and Unnatural Narratology” (2016) argued the ideas aboutunnatural narratives in The Echo Maker. And this work was seen as anafter-postmodern novel, maintaining that non-conventional works turn out to be morerealistic than conventional ones.

CHAPTER IITHE RECONSTRUCTION OF FAMILY TIES IN THE COMMUNITY OFKINSHIP

A. Development of mutual acceptance between the siblings

In the novel, the sibling relationship, as an important part of the community ofkinship, is destroyed due to 9/11 because Mark’s accident was related with thisterrorist attack. He decided to enlist for his sister after 9/11 and hoped to protect her.However, two weeks later, he had an unfortunate car accident and got serious braindamage, which made him unable to recognize his sister Karin. “He was lying upsidedown in a frozen roadside ditch, his tour of patriotic duty over” (Powers 213).Therefore, it’s necessary to consolidate the relationship between Karin and Mark torestore the family ties and reconstruct of the community of kinship. It’s universallyacknowledged that 9/11 had an enormous impact on the American public. As iscommon among the whole country, the individuals suffered tremendouslypsychological trauma. Judith Herman, a well-known psychologist, mentioned thatpsychological trauma means the suffering of the powerless. The victim whoexperiences overwhelming force turns out to be helpless when the trauma occurs.Besides, it is the traumatic events that devastate common systems of care that impart asense of control, connection and meaning to people (Herman 33). The traumatic eventcould indeed take a toll on the physical and psychological matter of individuals in thewake of this ruinous and catastrophic attack, directly or indirectly. The Echo Maker isregarded as a 9/11 novel. Despite the fact that there is less direct description related tothe terrorist attack, it comes with indirect plots that the protagonists experience theirown individual trauma under the influence of 9/11.

B. Consolidation of mutual reconciliation between the spouses

According to Tönnies, the community of kinship pays attention to the kinshipthat can be seen as the closest relationship, mainly because the relatives are able tomaintain their intimate relationship no matter how far they live. As mentioned above,there are three relationships in a family including the sibling, the couple as well as themother and children. The relationship between husband and wife is of greatsignificance for the formation of the family ties. What deserves to be mentioned isthat there is such a relationship of the couple in The Echo Maker, Weber and Sylvie,in which Weber also encounters his identity crisis, as his individual trauma, to theextent that it gives rise to the emotional crisis in their marriage, thus causing thebreakdown of their spousal relationship.

There is a deep emotional foundation between Weber and Sylvie since they gotmarried. As for Weber, Sylvie is the only person who can really help him out oftrouble. A habit had been developed between Weber and Sylvie before their marriagebecause they always shared their passion and communicate with each other via phone.“He’d first fallen in love with Sylvie over the phone. Every time he traveled本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。