英语论文网

, the factback to him. They fell into a cadence, talking as they had almost every evening oftheir lives for a third of a century” (Powers 123). Calling is a vehicle for them to careabout each other. When he arrived at Kearney to diagnose Mark’s disease, they stillretained the habitual ways of doing things. “He (Weber) hadn’t realized how much heneeded to talk. The afternoon’s interview had excited him in a way that no one butSylvie would understand” (123). Hence, that could be the reason why they were ableto build their deep emotional foundation in their marriage at the beginning. Tönniestakes pains to emphasize such “a family in which selfishness is lacking, in which eachmember participates in and desires the well-being of all the others, in which there is ashared understanding and willing of a given way of life” (Adair-Toteff 144).Consequently, there is the community of kinship between Weber and Sylvie becausethe positive and harmonious mutual relationship exists in their family pattern.

Ⅲ. THE REESTABLISHMENT OF PLACE CULTURE IN THE COMMUNITY OFPLACE.................... 28

A. Restoration of cultural memory in Kearney ...............................29

B. Reinforcement of the ecological culture in Kearney..............................35

IV. THE REHABILITATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE COMMUNITYOF SPIRIT..................................43

A. Enhancement of the national belonging on individual level............................. 44

B. Improvement of the national solidarity on collective level............................... 50

V. CONCLUSION................................58

CHAPTER IVTHE REHABILITATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE COMMUNITY OFSPIRIT

In The Echo Maker, Powers shows that 9/11 has a huge effect on familyrelationships and place culture. But national identity is also an essential issue toponder over in that Americans profoundly questioned their national identity after 9/11.In the novel, besides breakdown of family ties and place culture, the protagonists alsodoubt their national identity under the impact of the terrorist attack. Hence, asAmerican citizens, they are also obliged to improve their national belonging andsolidarity to rebuild the community of spirit. Before the terrorist attack, theyconsidered themselves secure and presented a national image of democracy andfreedom. However, such a national image was destroyed due to 9/11 so thatAmericans cannot have strong national emotions they once had. Therefore, animportant way for America to redeem itself is to rebuild national identity.

According to Tönnies, the members in the community of spirit hold the sharedbeliefs and ideas with “the binding link on the level of conscious thought” (Tönnies27, 2001). The community of spirit gradually collapsed under the impact of 9/11. Thecharacters suffered mental anxiety and lost their national identity. Anthony D. Smithnoted that “in the western model of national identity nations were seen as culturecommunities, whose members were united, if not made homogeneous, by commonhistorical memories, myths本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。