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ated to English morphology from two aspects: stress degree and vowel quality. Since English and Spanish both have relatively free stress,Spanish English learners knew how to use stress positions to distinguish word items with the same segments. They performed better in stressed assignments, leading to the hypothesis that the English-like realization of stressed versus unstressed contrasts preceded the reduction of vowels in unstressed syllables. The study of Lee et al. (2019) found the same. They found that Spanish learners have word stress and phrase stress in their native language, beneficial for second language acquisition.

Chapter Two Theoretical Basis

2.1 Basic Concepts

2.1.1 English Stress

English is a language of stress. According to Hayes (1995), stress language is a language with stress as the property of rhythm. It is characterized by 'stress manifests the rhythmic structure of language, that is, every utterance of stressed language has a rhythmic structure, which serves as the organizational framework for phonological realization and phonetic realization'. And when we mention stress, it’s of great importance to make a distinction between the notion of stress and accent at first. The terms for prominence in English papers include stress and accent. The former comes from English and the latter from French. For many languages, a prominent syllable at the word level is called stress by some people, and others are called accent. Roach (1983) preferred stress as he agreed that the word ‘accent’ is used elsewhere to refer to different varieties of pronunciation; it is confusing to use it for a quite different purpose--- to a lesser extent we also have this problem with ‘stress’, which can be used to refer to psychological tension. 

In a word, stress is narrowly used in a word, while the accent is a broader concept used in utterance. Since this thesis mainly studies English stress with respect of word stress, related conceptions should be then stated.

According to Yang (2006: 27), word stress is the stress put on the mono-syllable of a multi-syllabic word. Hu (2011: 49) argued that stress refers to the degree of force used in producing a syllable. A fundamental distinction is made between stressed and unstressed syllables, the former being more prominent than the latter, which means that stress is a relative notion. 

2.2 Rules of English Word Stress Assignment

As we all know, English words can be divided into different categories according to different criteria. It can be divided into monosyllabic words, disyllabic words and polysyllabic words due to the number of syllables or classified as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc., due to different word classes. Based on the function, it can be divided into content words and functional words. According to the word-formation it can be divided into simple words and compound words. Based on the previous studies, the following English word stress rules would focus on the number of syllables, including disyllabic words and polysyllabic words. In each of them, the division of different parts of speech (nouns, verbs and adjectives) will be studied. Moreover, the rules of words with affixes, compound words, and homographs of different word classes would be introduced as well.

2.2.1 Stress Assignment in Disyllabic Words

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