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本文是一篇英语语言学论文题目，本文以雅斯贝尔斯、萨特和海德格尔关于死亡的存在主义概念为基础，探讨叶芝在神话战争、现实战争中对死亡的描述，以及他对一系列战争后死亡的理解。叶芝的死亡观是动态的。
Chapter 1  Introduction

1.1  William Butler Yeats and His War Poems

William Butler Yeats was born in Ireland in 1865 and died in 1939. As a famous Irish dramatist and essayist, he is also widely acclaimed as one of the greatest poets of the twentieth century, one of the leaders of Irish Literary Revival and one of the founders of the Abbey Theater. Influenced by romanticism, aestheticism, symbolism, mysticism and metaphysics, Yeats‟s poems evolved into a unique style. He was the representative that wrote symbolist poetry in England and had a significant impact on the development of English poetry in the twenty-first century. Uniquely blending his individual life and Irish history, Yeats won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923 for his highly artistic form that gave expression to the spirit of the whole nation. 

Yeats‟s poems can be categorized in three periods with completely different styles. The early period (1883-1899) featured Yeats‟s efforts to take Irish myths and legends as the background, accepts the late romantic tradition and formed a unique style under the profound influence of Pre-Raphaelites. He often depicted a beautiful, mysterious and rarefied fairyland as well as heroes, fairies and wise men in Irish folklore and legend, arousing the Irish people‟s awareness of national independence. 

In the middle period, Yeats shifted from the imaginary world to the real world with great changes in the style and themes. From 1900 to 1921, Yeats successively published In the Seven Woods (1904), The Green Helmet and Other Poems (1910), Responsibilities (1914), The Wild Swan at Coole (1917, 1919) and Michael Robartes and the Dancer (1921). Acting as American poet Ezra Pound‟s secretary and friend, Yeats‟s poems became more unpretentious and concise which had much in common with imagery poems. In addition to Pound‟s influence, the increasingly bloody and violent Irish National Independence Movement made Yeats frustrated, so he wrote real events. All real elements made his poems more realistic, complicated and worldly than the first two stages. 

1.2  Literature Review

Yeats‟s poems have long been studied by foreign and domestic scholars from different perspectives. For example, as a whole, Harold Bloom (1970) explores the relationship between Yeats‟s poems and Britain poems, including the influence of English Romantic poets such as William Blake and Percy Shelley on Yeats. In addition to a comprehensive analysis, he also attaches great importance of notable feature of Yeats‟s poems such as death in his poems, so he categorizes “The Man and the Echo” and “Under Ben Bulben” as death poems. 

Different from Bloom‟s analysis, Astley (2014)253-294 and FitzGerald (2015)88-98 focus on war theme of Yeats‟s poems and they anthologize these poems according to world and area respectively. As Yeats‟s most obvious and famous ones of these war poems in the middle period, “The Second Coming”, “Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen”, “Meditations in Time of Civil War” and “Easter 1916” are often discussed from disparate angles. 

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