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uman nature since the mankind got to probe into itself. The term “state of nature” is used to refer to the hypothetical condition of humans before social factors are imposed, thus attempting to describe the “natural essence” of human nature. Most views of it fall in three typical groups.
 
Views in the first group see humans as inherently good. The most famous theory in this group is John Locke’s social contract theory. According to Locke, humans in the state of nature have absolute freedom to make their orders and take their actions, without having to ask permission from anyone else. People are born equal, and willing to treat each other as they would like to be treated. This will is known as sympathy, the source of justice and kindness and eventually all virtues. In ancient China a widely known philosopher, the most notable disciple of Confucius, Mencius, held similar points, declaring that humans are naturally moral beings but are corrupted by society.
 
The second group includes views that see humans as inherently bad. According to original sin, humans in the state of nature are tarnished by the sin of Adam. Later the group had a more rational speaker, Thomas Hobbes. Hobbes believed that humans in the state of nature would behave “badly” towards one another, but he argued that people had every right to defend themselves by whatever means. Famously, he believed that such a condition would lead to a “war of every man against every man” and make life “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” Similar theories also can be found in ancient China. Xuncius, another follower of Confucius as Mencius, simply rejected Mencius’ claim. Instead he asserted that “Human Dispositions are Detestable”.
 
The rest views that form the last group stand a neutral point in the debate. They generally believe that human behavior is determined by biological and social factors, so the human nature contains both factors good and evil and nothing is to be blamed but the gene as well as the environment. And of the two factors which one decides more? Also known as “nature versus nurture”, this question compels enormous studies. The relation between them that opposition with coexistence.
 
Regarding human nature’s discussions, there without a decisive conclusion. Most people hold a moderate opinion. They believe that human nature is indeed like a coin, which have two sides: good and evil. And neither side can easily dominate.

                        

    Ⅲ. The Dualism of Human Nature in Lord of the Flies
 
    Lord of the flies, which tells the story of a group of English boys marooned on a tropical island after their plane is shot down during a war. But the book’s exploration of the idea of human evil is to some extent based on Golding’s experience with the violence and savagery of human beings during Word War II. In exploring the breakdown into savagery of a group of boys free from the imposed moral constraints of civilization and society, Lord of the Flies dramatizes a fundamental human struggle: the conflict between the impulse to obey rules, behave morally, and act lawfully and the impulse to seek brute power over others, act selfishly, behave in a way that will gratify one'本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。