摘要:The social network theory acts as thread across the different stages and tests the quality of the relations. We are confident to present a multi-leveled and dynamic analysis about the entrepreneurial activity of the clothes boutiques in Shanghai.
.Through his study, Stein Kristiansen (2004), for example, the conclusions in American or European cultural contexts was not suitable for the context in East Africa. Recent work by economists has begun to quantify the advantages that networks may or may not provide to entrepreneurs in Africa.
China, has long be considered as the exemplification of Asian society and culture. And it is more than interesting to examine the empirical value of social network theory in this country. It is reasonable for us to choose the analytical tool to investigate the clothes retailers in Shanghai with so many entrepreneurial stories happening everyday.
Before we come to the use of the theory into our discussion, we embark on the review of important concepts and ideas of the theory.
2.4.1 The quality of Social network
The mechanism of social network, controlled by many determinants, is also viewed as the governance (Ha Hoang and Bostjan Antoncic, 2001) of the network. The determinants are the number, strength, variety and dynamics (Steins Christiansen, 2004)
The number of relations
With regard to the function of network, interpersonal and interorganizational relationships are viewed as the media through which actors gain access to a variety of resources held by other actors or organizations. The number or the size of the relations in the net should be measured to judge its effectiveness. More relations are there in the network mean more opportunities and resources, information and advice. In the process of reach for legitimacy, more relations make the work easier in some developing economies, which are not so formal and systematic.
The Strength of Ties
This determinant was first termed by Granovetter(1973), which exerts important impact on trust in business relations . It can be measured by a series of criteria, such as the length of time spending together, the emotional intensity, the degree of trust and mutual acquaintance, the interaction frequency, the spanning time of the relationship. Strength of ties also relates to “network intensity.” Granovetter (1973) proposed that the number of weak ties is most important because the ties give access to a variety of information resources while the strong ties are more trustworthy and stable.
Another important measure is trust, affecting the depth and richness of exchange relations, particularly with respect to the exchange of information (Hite, 2000). , Embodied by the individual’s quality, credit and financial capability, trust brings the enterprise best quality resources at lowest cost.
Variety or Diversity of Networks
The variety of members in the network entails the variety of relations, bringing in different information, resources and support (Varamäki 1996). For Aldrich and Martinez (2001) diversity of ties means contacts among the members who occupy differing social positions with various resources. The presence of a person with several high-status and wealthy individuals within his or her network will be related to a large amount of resources (Davern 1997).
In this project, giving the special social and cultural features of Shanghai, we intend to check on the members of different age, education, region and other factors. Network Dynamics
Dynamics involves the tie formation and dissolution, changes and flexibility in networks. Few other studies analyzed the influence of network dynamics on business perfo
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