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reasing with the passage of time. The research on different biomass resources has provided the industry with multiple options for the raw material. The market is set for the new firms to enter because the old firms are using inefficient resources of biomass that consume more energy and give less output. Furthermore, glycerol, the by product of this process is of great industrial importance. Glycerol is utilized for the manufacturing of cosmetics, bio surfactants, soaps etc; it is the chief by product in the preparation of biodiesel from Low free fats substances such as Jatropha. The amount of glycerol produced is 12 % of the total production of biofuels (Gonsalves, 2006).

The current trends in the Indian biofuels are the utilization of Jatropha seeds in the production of the biodiesel and ethanol, biotechnological research has been involved in finding the manufacturing processes of biodiesel and ethanol from Jatropha.

2.8 Overview of Biofuel industry and biofuel requirement in India

This section contains the analysis of the biofuel industry of India and eventual biofuel requirements. Tewaria et al. (2007) has thrown light on the present size of the biodiesel and ethanol production plants in the country. More than 300 plants for the distillation of alcohol are present in the sugarcane growing areas of the country. These plants produced about 822 million litres of biofuel in the fiscal year 2006 - 2007 (Table III).

Table III: An overview of production of alcohol in India from 1989 to 2007 in ML (Source: Ethanol India, 2007)

The demand for petroleum oils will reach 17. 5 billion litres in India till 2012, according to GTZ (2005) government has planned a five percent blend of biodiesel to the gasoline till this period. This will amount to almost 800 million litres, diesel consumption in transport industry has jumped manifold since 2003, and more than 60 % of the diesel is utilized in domestic transport, agriculture and industrial sector (GZT, 2005). The requirement of diesel is expected to hike in the near future due to economic development in India, therefore government is determined to lessen the dependence on the fossil fuels by developing biodiesel and other renewable sources of energy. Table IV shows assessment of future requirements of diesel in the future with different combinations of bio as well as crude diesel.

Table IV: Comparison of Diesel Demand and Biodiesel Production in MT in India (Source: GTZ, 2005)

The target of 20% blending of biofuels to meet the existing requirements and reduce the reliance on the imported petroleum oil by the Planning Commission, India requires more than 13 MT biodiesel to accomplish this plan.

Although ethanol is commercially available in India yet the biodiesel is still unavailable on commercial scale and it is being manufactured in laboratories and pilot scale projects. Extensive plantation of Jatropha is required to meet the set goals till 2012.

2.9 Biofuels and Environment

The ethical issues related to biofuel industry are extensively debated; production of biofuels and their use at commercial level have their negative as well as positive 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。