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种族概念被错误理解为一个人的外在显性特征：可见的身体属性。人类有成百上千中不同的身体特征，包括头发颜色，肤色，眼球颜色等等。理论上讲，一个生物学上的种族被认为是地理距离分离出来的种类亚门，被称作“亚种群”，这种亚种群可以和一个种类的其他种群进行杂种繁殖，但是事实上由于地理隔离，不会这样做。然而，以身体特征为基础进行的种族分类带来了问题就是，应当由什么特征来决定一个人的种族归属呢？种族是由肤色、身高、鼻长还是面部特征决定？尽管不同的种族可能在身体某一个特征上产生不同，但是谁应许生物学家以此为单一证据来进行划分呢。很多种族有着共同的特征，使得这种划分方法失效。种族在生物学意义上并不如人们所想的那样有明显不同。其中一个典型例子就是肤色，这个概念并不能准确的显示出皮肤颜色的区分。举个例子，“白人”的皮肤颜色比起白，更多的是粉、米色、或者棕褐，而“黑人”则有不同程度的褐色，“黄人”则是米黄色或者黄褐色。

The notion of one’s race is mistakenly implied by one’s phenotypes: the physical attributes that is clearly visible. Humans display hundreds of different phenotypes ranging from hair color, the color of one’s skin , eye color, and etc. In theory, a biological race is defined as a geographically isolated subdivision of a species, this so called “subspecies,” would be capable of interbreeding with other subspecies of the same species but would not do so because of the geographical isolation. However, racial classifications based on phenotypes bring about the issue of determining which traits should define one’s race. Should races be defined by skin color, height, nose lengths or facial feature? Even though different races may differ in physical attributes for a certain trait, which allows biologists to classify different races exclusively, many races share similar phenotypes, making this biological attempt ineffective. Races are not as biologically distinct as most people might believe. One obvious issue with the “color-based” racial labels is that the terms do not accurately portray skin color. For example “White people are more pink, beige, or tan than white. Black people are various shades of brown, and yellow people are tan or beige” (textbook pg 117). A conclusive dilemma with the tripartite scheme is that most populations and ethnic groups do not fit any of the three great races: “Does the bronze color of the Polynesians connect them to the Caucasoids or to the Mongoloids?” (textbook pg 120). Does the dark skin color of the ethnic groups in southern India classify them with black Africans or with the Caucasian race because of their facial features and hair form? These issues arise when races are classified with merely one's skin color, so how do we classify a population based on their phenotypes? Would it better to base racial classifications on a combination of physical traits? This interpretation brings upon more complexities, as skin color, stature, skull form and facial features don't come together as a combined unit: because a single “race” of people contain many different kinds of phenotypes depending on the individual, it’s difficult to classify an entire group of people just based on a common physical trait these people may or may not share. The most desirable way to classify races and ethnic groups is by allocating the groups under a cultural perspective and not with a biological basis. The concept of race can be further defined as self-identification by people according to the races or groups in which they most comfortably identify as their own. Race is not in fact a biologically structured inescapable identity that humans are born with, but rather a social construct created by society, the population, and most importantly, ourselves.

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