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oach to Welfare that loosely professes to place itself within the centre to centre-left of present ideologies political spectrum. However, critics argue that the Third Way is not distinctive but instead bears greater characteristics of the political Right than the Centre or Centre Left (Powell, M, at p 41).
(b) How and Why New Deal is epitomised by New Labour Ideology
(i) Why
The divided opinion over the designation of the 'Third Way' into the New Deal policy creates difficulty for the task of illustrating New Deal as a typical example of the Third Way. Therefore, it is better to abandon this concept in order to ascertain the true essence of New Labour Welfare ideology, which is clearly set out in the 1997 Manifesto. The phrase 'Welfare-to-Work' appears frequently throughout this document and is a clear and short summation of New Labour's ideology, which is that the Welfare State, far from facilitating a mere basic financial need to survive, is also a support network of services that are to be actively utilised by job seekers in order to place them back into work.
Therefore, New Deal, far from merely typifying this ideology, is the very mechanism by which it is realised. This is clarified by the statement made by Andrew Smith MP in his summation of the aims of the New Deal Policy. He states that New Labour is:
'redesigning the contract between the citizen and the welfare state to one that is active and not passive - based on rights as well as responsibilities. We are ending the blight of long term unemployment and the cycle of poverty.' (Rt Hon Andrew Smith, MP, May 2004, Department for Work and Pensions, at p iii)
Therefore, it seems that the intention of New Labour is that New Deal represents a departure, both from total, long term dependency on the State and virtual abandonment of the impoverished. In other works, it is the tool to progress from 'Welfare' to 'Work'.

(ii) How

New Deal assists people back into work by providing an interventional service throughout the job seeking stage. As explained above, not only are there separate strategies for the various age groups such as New Deal for Young People, New Deal 25 Plus and New Deal for the over 50s. In addition, New Labour is currently focusing on the development of tailor made care for groups with specific needs, and as also explained above, these include the low skilled, ethnic minorities, lone parents and the disabled. This strategy of focusing on particular groups facilitates a greater efficiency in the carrying out of New Labour's Welfare Policy of Welfare-to-Work.

Conclusion总结

Analysis of the history of British Welfare Ideology illustrates that New Labour's key departure is to create a far more interventional approach to welfare that is designed to ensure that unemployment is strictly temporary. While it is far more likely that this departure is economically as opposed to humanitarianly based, New Deal does far more than merely typify the Welfare-to-Work Ideology as it is the vary basis upon which this ideology is realised.

Bibliography注解

Legislation
Elizabethan Poor Law 1601
Settlement Act 1662
Gilbert's Act 1782
Speenhamland System of 1795.
Poor Law Amendment Act 1834
Education Act 1907
National Insurance Act 1911
National Assistance Act 1948
Text Books
Clarke J, Cochrane A an