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Orthognathic surgery was in its infancy when Surgical Correction of Dentofacial Deformities was published in 1980 (Volumes l and 2) and 1985 (Volume 3). Since then, it has evolved into a complex specialty that demands expertise in several surgical disciplines and an understanding of many allied dental and medical specialties. Because orthognathic surgery has been and remains evolutionary, the modem surgeon' s training is a continuum. During the past 15 years, quantum leaps have occurred in scientific knowledge, in technology, and in some treatment planning aspects of this dynamic field.
     The concept of beauty is central to human cultures and is deeply rooted in the nature of man. In various ways, human esthetics is woven into the tradition of human civilizations. Physical appearance has always played a significant role in the development of self-concept and self-esteem, in the establishment of interpersonal relationships, in employment opportunities, and even in the quality of life.
     A review of our previously treated patients and past publications clearly reveals that many of out orthognathic surgical procedures achieve esthetic facial proportions, improve jaw function, and accomplish occlusal stability. In selected cases, however, the result was compromised because the independent soft tissue components were not systematically analyzed and treated.
     Of all the human family, the modern surgeon should be the most vigilant and accurate recorder 01 facial esthetics. Today' s oral and maxillofacial surgeon must be trained in cosmetic facial surgery and must be competent to diagnose and treat both skeletal and soft tissue problems. By virtue of the present level of training, he or she has unique diagnostic and technical skills to address and correct both hard and soft tissue aberrations. During the past decade, great strides have been made to incorporate these two disciplines: An interdisciplinary has thus evolved.
     Sections Ⅰ and Ⅱ of Modem Practice in Orthognathic and Reconstructive Surgery focus on treatment planning and set' forth objective criteria for the appreciation of facial esthetics and beauty. A variety of elements that relate to the structural beauty of the dental, facial, and craniofacial composition are described. Therapeutic means of altering the human morphopsychological features of dentocraniofacial deformities by restorative, gingival, orthognathic and craniofacial procedures are described in detail.
     A large proportion of adults and adolescents with dentocraniofacial deformities manifest a spectrum of functional problems (Sections Ⅲ and Ⅳ). A balanced biomechanical relationship between the masticatory muscles, jaws, temporomandibular joints, and teeth is necessary to achieve normal function after surgical repositioning of the jaws. Proper planning, precise surgical technique, efficient orthodontics used in concert with small bone plate and screw osteosyntheses, and systematic muscular rehabilitation - all increase treatment efficiency and frequently improve jaw function. In the treatment of temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction through balancing the biomechanical relationships between the masticatory muscles, jaws, temporomandibular joints, and teeth, the common denominator of success is that the patient has an appropriate range of motion and is free of pain. Can improved functi本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。