ly make corresponding gestures. When teachers teach students words, they can put questions to the students with the help of body language.
2.2 Eye Contact
As a proverb goes, the eyes are the window of the mind. So through eye contact people are able to convey to each other a whole variety of information and emotions. In daily life there is much eye communication that takes place such as gaze, close watch and so on. Frank and honest communication among people is often carried out with variations of eye contact. Therefore “eye-to-eye” communication can set up the conditions for really getting to know each other’s viewpoints better.
The motion of the eyes can be classified as follows: the action of the eye ball; the movement of eyelids and the dilation of the pupil. It is often said, “The eyes of human beings can speak.” Thus, teachers can understand better what the students are thinking through the various movements of the eyes. Firstly, teachers could get to know the effect of their lesson and this would help them analyze the situation of the students. Secondly, teachers could know whether the students fully focus on the lesson through their eyes.
2.3 Body Distance
As the term suggests, body distance refers to the physical distance between people when they are communicating with each other. In other words, it is the distance between any two participants in a communication process.
Everyone has his own space which others could not violate without producing discomfort. In fact, unconsciously, we all carry with us what have been called “body bubbles”. These bubbles are like invisible walls which define our personal space. The amount of space changes depending on the interpersonal relationship and culture. According to Hall (1959), there are four major types of distances in social and business circumstances: intimate, personal, social and public. (胡超,2006: 99) The distance between teachers and students is part of the message teachers give to students. While teachers cannot be too close to their students, it would also be improper for them to stand at a great distance. (鲁道夫 海德尔曼, 2004: 73). The first would signal an intimacy that could make students feel uncomfortable in a formal learning context. The second, however, would also give the adverse message of being too aloof. Teachers have to maintain a distance somewhere in between.
How close teachers stand to the students affects what the latter hear, attend to and retain. Generally speaking, distance from four to ten feet is the most appropriate for effective teaching and learning. (Gallahue, David L., 1993: 127) But there are variations to this. For instance, when teachers lead reading, they can walk down to the platform and go into the students’ “space”, so that they can control the class, finding and correcting the students’ pronunciation, intonation and so on.
2.4 Facial Expression
Literally facial expression refers to a way of communicating information and feelings through changes in facial demeanor. It also serves to move the emotions of others. While the normal facial expression is affected by a person’s physiological make-up and environment, changes in one’s facial expression are readable reflections of one’s thoughts and feelings. Physical condition could account for the muscle tone, the skin color and wrinkles, but a person’s thoughts and responses to his communication partner show clearly on his facial expression.
Facial expression is the mos
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