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spective of unit integration. For one thing, it is designed to have a much better global picture of the implementation of textbook redevelopment and unit integration. The research findings can help confirm the necessity and significance of textbook redevelopment and the idea of unit integration. For another thing, it offers a good starting point to reconsider textbook redevelopment from the perspective of the whole unit.

Moreover, this research strives to investigate the ways of textbook redevelopment by analyzing model lessons of primary English teachers and also referring to some related educational theories based on previous studies on textbook redevelopment and unit  integration  instruction  as  well  as  the  understanding  of  English  education development in primary schools in Shanghai.  

Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Definition of Key Terms

2.1.1 Unit

At the beginning, most researchers regard the “unit” as a certain definite “teaching unit” in a textbook. According to the Education Encyclopedia, a textbook unit is a basic teaching unit that organizes knowledge of the same nature or that is internally connected in the textbook to form a relatively independent part (Gu 1990: 287). Zhong (2015: 1) defined a unit as a modular unit of teaching materials and experience based on certain objectives and themes. Nowadays, there are mainly three kinds of interpretations of the concept of unit. The first one is the textbook unit, which is compiled from teaching materials. The second one is the teaching unit, which is the unit of the curriculum and teaching plan. Teaching units are indeed “big units” which are regrouped according to the teaching content in the structure. The last one is the teaching phase.

“Unit” is a learning unit that selects learning materials based on the curriculum standards or syllabus and is organized around themes in a structural manner.

Therefore, a unit is formed as a relatively independent whole based on a certain theme, consisting of interrelated knowledge in a unit. Thus, teachers should have the unit awareness and take the whole unit into account while redeveloping textbooks or teaching.

2.2 Previous Study on Unit Instruction Abroad and at Home

2.2.1 Previous Study on Unit Instruction Abroad

The idea of unit instruction abroad sprouted in the “New Education Movement” at the end of the 19th century. The advocates of the “New Education Movement” proposed that teaching content and activities were integrated as a whole. Separating the contents of textbooks into various parts directly in teaching would weaken the teaching effects. Students could rarely learn language knowledge systematically, and the related abilities could  not  be  promoted  gradually  either.  On  this  basis,  Decroly,  one  of  the  “New Education Movement” initiators, put forward teaching principles of interest-centered and integrative instruction (Guo 2013). According to his idea, teaching content and activities should be connected perfectly as a whole, centered on students’ interests so that they can grasp knowledge structure and improve their thinking ability.

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