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Timothy Clark notes that environmental criticism in the Anthropoceneincreasingly may be about unacknowledged denial.The fact that an environmentalcritic still considers it normal,even prestigious,to take international flights toacademic conferences is a trivial example(159).It is thus clear that there is still a largepart of the population today that views some of the carbon emissions of everyday lifefrom an anthropocentric perspective,and that even environmental critics areunconscious and unaware of the damage done to the environment.This deep-rootedidea,which has developed since the Renaissance,has placed the status,value anddignity of the human being at the center.And once this centrality is established,it isdifficult to change the sense of species superiority.Dipesh Chakrabarty argues that“our new epoch,in which large-scale changes to the planet are wrought by ourcollective activity as a species,renders such self-knowledge increasingly difficult”(Boes 61).Actually,humans are only one instance of the concept of species.Andhumans,as a species,can change or destroy the existence of other species.Since theindustrial revolution,humans have become a major force affecting the environment.The relationship between human and nature has been intensified and as a result a series of environmental problems have been emerged.In the past,however,people wereunaware that industrial development could have such serious consequences.But nowthe present generation,plagued by environmental problems,is feeling the effects ofglobal warming,melting glaciers and other climate anomalies.People are beginning torealize that nature may also fundamentally alter our existence as a species.HelenKopnina,a typical representative of ecocentrism,believes that anthropocentrism is theroot cause of environmental degradation and that it is therefore completely wrong.Eugene C.Hargrove wants to take a more moderate approach,arguing that ifanthropocentrism is properly understood,namely“not all anthropocentric valuing isinstrumental”,it can be used for the benefit of humanity and nature.He,therefore,proposes a weak anthropocentric approach to environmental problems(201).TrondGansmo Jakobsen argues that anthropocentrism,as well as existingnon-anthropocentrism,is too simplistic for understanding the origins of oureco-philosophical or ethical problems(198).

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Conclusion

Robinson’s New York 2140 and The Ministry for the Future straddle the linebetween reality and unreality,imagining risk as a“virtual reality”in the manner ofclimate fiction,exploring the relationship between past,present and future.“The pastloses its power to determine the present.Its place as the cause of present-dayexperience and action is taken by the future”(Adam et al 213-214).In times of climatechange,levels of economic development,resource allocation and species differencesbecome the underlying causes of environmental injustice that manifest themselves inthree dimensions:intra-generational,inter-generational and inter-species injustice.Therisks arising from climate change cannot be distributed equally across regions andgenerations,so environmental inequities are virtually universal.But universal does notmea本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。