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ultural differences Translation is the method of dealing with cultural differences. The famous American translator Nida said: “‘Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style’.”[17] There are five translation methods employed in the following paragraphs to deal with the cultural differences. 4.1 Literal translation “Literal translation is a translation strategy where a translator produces a target text while retaining the formal features of the source text, but conforming generally to the grammar of the target language.”[18] Language universal and cultural similarities are two factors in the objective world, which enable cross-cultural communications. People of different languages may share the same feelings, emotions and ways of thinking, because people in different nations experience the same things in the unique nature. Therefore, misunderstanding may not be aroused in translating literally some idioms from the SL into the TL, when the translated text has the same literal meaning or figurative meaning and implicated meaning with the source language text. Literal translation of idioms means the translation version keeps the images and figures of the original without changing the author’s thought. For example: (11) A cat has nine lives. 猫有九条命。 (12) Barking dogs do not bite. 吠犬不咬人 (13) One swallow does not make a summer 一燕不成夏 (14) A bird in the hand is with worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林，不如一鸟在手 (15) 天下乌鸦一般黑，地主都是剥削穷人的。All crows are equally black; all landlords exploit the poor. (16) 他是初生牛犊不怕虎。 He is like a newborn calf, which is not afraid of a tiger. 4.2 Free translation “Free translation is a translation strategy where the translator gives precedence to the content treated in the source text, independent of its form.”[19] Some animal idioms, due to cultural differences of cultural blanks in the language concerned, have no equivalent image in target culture. In translating such idioms, a translator is often obliged to sacrifice images to meanings by giving up some, sometimes even all, of their cultural features of the original texts and translating them liberally or freely so that the implied meaning of the figures of speech or idioms in the original can be expressed as fully as possible. That is to establish cultural equivalence by translating the implied meaning of the foreign cultural expressions. Here are some examples: (17) “I was wondering if I should see him.” Charles shook his head. “ Don’t you. He’ll go and tell the uncle and the uncle’s back will be put up still further. Result: no mortgage. Let sleeping dogs lie.” “我不知道该不该见他。”查理摇摇头说，“你别见。他会告诉大叔，大叔会生气，结果是弄不到抵押款。还是别惹是生非吧。” (18) Pug did believe he hadn’t played his particular fish. 帕格的确相信，他并没有玩弄这个大笨蛋。 (19) 如鱼得水 like a duck to water (20) “That is a horse of anther color. 那是完全另外一回事。”[20] 4.3 Image-shift translation Because of the influence of different cultures and customs, each nation has its own way of expressing the same concept. So in translating, a translator should change ways of expression to conform to the habits of the target language. For example, Chinese idiom “一箭双雕” in English means “ to kill two birds with one stone”. And among various languages, cultural differences are reflected by people’s recognition in the objective world. The same objective thing contains different values in different languages, which aris