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APPENDIX:
The Cross and the Dragon: The Western Models of Design in Comparison with Feng-shui
The conflict between the Feng-shui model and Christian models in dealing with environment has been notice
d since the first Christian Missionary set foot on Chinese land. Stories were told by Edikins (1872) Eitel (1873), Henry (1885), Dukes (1914). The violence of the Chinese people against the Christian foreigners is due to landscape activities such as the erection by Roman Catholics of cathedrals, which for its contrasting shape was believed to upset the Feng-shui of the whole district; the construction of railway, with its straight line and high speed, cutting tunnels and embankments and erecting signal posts (conflicting with the curvilinear and continuity criteria required of good Feng-shui ). These constructions are thought harmful to the living Qi , and may attract the evil Qi to the local people. The first railroad ever built in China was destroyed by the local people for this reason. Another example is the mining of metals and coal, which cuts the Qi Vein.
Eitel and most of his contemporaries saw the conflict between Chinese Feng-shui and Christianity as that between irrational superstition and rational science, or the primitive vs. the modern . Contemporary Westerners on the other hand, see the conflict as one between Western mechanical thought and the Oriental organic model. Both may be true, and a cross-cultural and methodological comparison of Feng-shui and the Western models of design may prove interesting and useful for our understanding of this issue .
Three Western Design Models
Three Western models of design will be used for comparison with the Feng-shui model: Lynch's model of imageable environment (1960), McHarg's model of "design with nature" (1969, 1981) and the spatial model of landscape ecology (Forman and Godron, 1981, 1986; Risser, 1987; Turner, 1989). Similarities of these models were noticed in some sense by others (e.g Toth, 1988; Steinitz, 1993, personal communication). Again, the process models, evaluation models and representation models of these three Western design approaches
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