英语论文网

r /> [3] 一见这幅画，我就想起了我故乡的童年时代。
Version 1: Seeing the painting, I remember the childhood in my hometown.
Version 2: The painting immediately reminds me of the childhood in my hometown.
[4] 那天的情绪失控，使她失去了判断力。
Version 3: She lost her judgment because of her emotion that day.
Version 4: Feeling indeed has smothered her judgment that day. (Thomas Hardy)
    Version 1 and 4 are what Chinese students are apt to translate. In deed, they are grammatically right but do not sound natural to an English native speaker but just the typical Chinglish translations.
[5] 近年来热情的读者纷纷致函各地方报纸，对北京的城市建设提出了种种建议。
In recent years local newspapers have been sprinkled with passionate letters advertising various suggestions on the urban construction of Beijing.
We use “读者” as the subject of the sentence based on the traditional Chinese philosophy indication. But newspaper is used as the subject of the English sentence. That is because native English speakers think that “people” should not be emphasized.
4.4 Contrast in Word Order
When we open our eyes, the scene rushing into our eyes is full of things, which are almost countless. But the language we use to describe or mirror this multitudinous scene is linear, that is, of only one dimension, as people can name the things only one by one. Which should come first, and which should follow up to form word order in people’s utterance. (陈德彰, 2008: 148) The exact word order is important to form phrase and build up sentences. However, different nations have different ways of thinking, and as a result, different languages like English and Chinese often have different word order. It seems that Chinese pays much more attention to the conventionality, and sometimes the sound effect is also important while English is prone to stress the logical viewpoint. There are some concrete illustrations as following:
[1] 血肉 flesh and blood
东北 northeast
迟早 sooner and later
前前后后 back and forth
左顾右盼 look right and left
[2] 不努力干，你就会失败。
You will fail unless you work harder.
[3] 我叫王玲，1986年9月21日在广东省珠海市出生。
    My name is Ling Wang. I was born on September 21, 1986 in Zhuhai, Guangdong province.
[4] He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent his vacation basking in the Caucasian sun after the completion of the construction job he had been engaged on in the south.
   他本来在南方从事一项建筑工程；任务完成后，他就去格鲁吉亚度假，享受高加索的阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。
[5] James Brindley of Stafford Shire started his self-made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of seventeen, having been born poor in a village.
斯塔福德郡的詹姆斯·布林德利出身于一个贫苦的农村家庭，1733年，他17岁，就着手改良磨房的轮子，从而开始了自我奋斗的生涯。
[6] He had spent twenty-five years working toward but never getting the position of a real manager.
他有25年时间一直想争取当上一名真正的经理，但始终未能如愿。
From the above examples, English word order seems less important as compared with that of Chinese: English often has freer word order. Besides, English word order is usually from part to whole, small scope to big while that of Chinese tends to from whole to part, from big scope to small. That is to say, the translator must re-arrange the word order in the bi-directional E-C translation. Meanwhile, since the Chinese has no morphological change, functional words and word order are the two major means to