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express the time and aspect (tense), voice, mood and cohesion.
4.5 Contrast in Syntax: Hypotaxis-Emphasis vs. Parataxis- Emphasis
English is a language of hypotaxis, while Chinese is a language of parataxis. Nida  once said: “For Chinese and English, perhaps one of the most important linguistic distinctions is the contrast between the hypotaxis and parataxis”. (Nida and Charles, 1982: 21) The difference between hypotaxis and parataxis mainly exists in the difference between the ways of cohesive ties. English tend to have much more cohesive ties than Chinese. According to the American Heritage Dictionary, hypotaxis means the dependence of subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives.
All linguists agree that English sentence is like “a tree trunk with branches” while a Chinese is like “a bamboo stick with many sections joined by knots”. Rhetorically considered, an English sentence is unity, coherence and emphasis in essence while a Chinese sentence is mostly separated with commas, without fewer connectives to link the clauses. However, there would occur no misunderstanding of the meaning in Chinese mind. In view of this contrast, the problem will arise in bi-directional E-C translation. Here are some examples:
[1] 因为距离远，交通工具缺乏，使农村社会与外界隔绝，这种隔绝，由于通讯工具的不足而变得更加严重。
Version: The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities are compounded by the paucity of the information media.
[2] 孟子曰：“鱼，我所欲也；熊掌，亦我所欲也。二者不可兼得，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生，我所欲也；义，亦我所欲也。二者不可兼得，舍身而取义者也。”
Version: Mencius said: “I like fish and I also like bear’s paws. If I cannot have the two together, I will let the fish go and take the bear’s paw. In a similar way , I like life, and I also like righteousness. If I cannot have the two together, I will give up my life to preserve righteousness.”
[3] 饥者甘食，渴者甘饮，是未得饮食之正也，饥渴之害也。
Version: The hungry think any food sweet, and the thirsty think the same of any drink, and thus they do not get the right taste of what they eat and drink. The hunger and thirst, in fact, injure their palate.
[4] 牡丹江水，汹涌澎湃，万马奔腾，一泻千里。
Version: Wave upon wave, the Peony River rushed violently down its long course like a horse galloping.
[5] The poem by Ma Zhiyuan
天净沙·秋思
枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家。
古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。
Nostalgia
Above the age-old trees entwined with rotten vine,
Crows are hovering as the sun is on the wane.
Over a murmuring stream is a tiny wooden bridge,
On the far band of the brook stands a retired little village.
The west wind keenly blows as the sun goes below.
A skinny jade limps along the ancient road.
Farther and farther away from home.       
The lone traveler has to go!  (tran. by Lu Siyuan [卢思源])
From the above explanation, it can be concluded that the contents in Chinese are related to form a whole. Different languages may use different ways to express such relations, which in English are expressed more precisely by using necessary connectives. However, Chinese is dependent more on the cognitive environment and judge such relations in light of the context. 　　

 

Ⅴ. Conclusion  结论
The discussion on the relationship between language and thinking has been carried on for a long time. Several viewpoints can be accepted, namely: firs本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。