摘要:The global village is now becoming smaller and smaller, and people on the earth long for knowing more about each other’s culture. Concededly, literary translation is the most widely accepted means to promote cultural communication between the East and the West.
ranslation with Notes which could retain the original culture maximally, meanwhile, it could let target readers acquaint themselves with extensive and profound Chinese culture. Another example as follows:
⑺两弯似蹙非蹙眉罥烟眉,一双似喜非喜含情目。态生两靥之愁,娇袭一身之病。泪光点点,娇喘微微。娴静时如娇花照水,行动处似弱柳扶风。心较比干多一窍,病如西子胜三分。
Her dusky arched eyebrows were knitted and yet not frowning, her speaking eyes held both merriment and sorrow; her very frailty had charm. Her eyes sparkled with tears, her breath was soft and faint. In repose she was like a lovely flower mirrored in the water; in motion, a pliant willow swaying in wind. She looked more sensitive than Pikan, more delicate than His Shih.
Note:Pikan is a prince noted for his great intelligence at the end of the Shang Dynasty.
His Shih is a famous beauty of the ancient kindom of Yueh.
《走下神坛的毛泽东》 by Quan Yanchi is a popular book in China. Mao Tsetung, the great leader, is described from an original point of view in this book, and the character described in this book is real and vivid. A publishing house translated the book title as Mao Zedong---Man, not God. This could be regarded as a successful translation.
4.2.3 Literal Translation with Paraphrasing
In English and American literature, most book titles are condensed with implied meaning. Some titles, derived from allusions, highly cultured and unfamiliar, are difficult to understand. In translation, the translator must interpret the exact intention of the ST author by means of looking up documents. For the unfamiliar parts of the title, he can employ paraphrasing through amplification or deviation in order to make the target language title as meaningful as possible. For example:
The Sun Also Rises is one of Hemingway’s masterpieces. There are two versions in Chinese—《太阳也升起》and《太阳照样升起》. The two versions seem to have similar meaning, while the difference lies in the wording of “also”. And we can find in the beginning of the book, Hemingway writes “One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh; but the earth abidith forever,…” This part reflects hedonism. Hemingway intends to depict the living way and moral situation of the younger generation brought up after WWI, that is, so-called The Beat Generatioin. From here, we can infer “太阳照样升起” is of course better than “太阳也升起”. Here , “照样” is a paraphrasing word, the translator deviates the meaning of “also” a little, and produces an exact and vivid target language title.
4.3 Translation Strategies Based on Domestication
Based on domestication, there are two types of translation strategies should be mentioned: Liberal Translation and Borrow.
4.3.1 Liberal Translation
Owing to cultural difference, some informations are hard to be translated literally. Translators have to make recreation according to the original meaning and the author’s intention. Just as follows:
⑻刘姥姥越发感激不尽,过来又千恩万谢地辞了凤姐儿,过贾母这一边睡了一夜,次早梳洗了就要告辞。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第四十二回)
More grateful than ever, Granny Liu went back to thank Xifeng effusively and take her leave of her. She spent the night in the Lady Dowager’s apartments,meaning to say goodbye to the old lady as soon as she was up the next day. (translated by 杨宪益、戴乃迭) [10]
⑼But to live,—wear on, day after day, of mean, bitter, low, harassing servitude,every nerve dampened and depressed, every power of feeling gradually smothered
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