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Literature Review--Virtual Learning Environments 

  This literature review will mainly focus on the development of VLE, similar systems and comparison, Blackboard and VLE in China.

The development of VLE
  In the first semester we get to know an internet-based educational software platform named Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). This is the first time for me to use such a totally new educational platform. According to US-based Learning Circuits                                  magazine, VLE is defined as:"A wide set of applications and processes, such as Web-based learning,computer-based learning,virtual classrooms,and digital collaboration.It includes the delivery of content via internet,intranet/extranet(LAN/WAN),audio-and video tape,satellite broadcast,interactive TV,CD-ROM,and more."
  A'Herran (2000) suggests that there are four perspectives from which a VLE is analyzed:
1.Adminstrators-scalability,value for money and integration with existing systems are important fir these users
2.Technicians-robustness,user base,technical support and ease of maintenance will be significant.
3.Course developers or teachers- customizability,flexibility and the integration of legacy materials will be paramount.
4.Learners- consistency, accessibility and quality of design will be the main concerns.
  Based on my understanding, the VLE is a comprehensive ICT-based educational platform which indicates as the figure 1. The ICT include internet and computer.Students, https://www.51lunwen.org/ygjylw/2012/0221/1035466008.html teachers and school administrators are able to interact synchronously or asynchronously via the platform in a non-face-to-face environment as it is 'virtual' but not 'real'.VLE is not only an online virtual classroom, it is an ICT based tool that helps students in effective study and share learning materials(peer-to-peer study). VLE is not only one software, but a fixed style syntheses that integrated with many softwares in different styles.   

                               Figure  1

                    
  VLE is developed from Virtual Environments (VE) and Learning Environment (LE). In 1978, MUD (Multi-User Dungeons) was born in United Kingdom, and it was only a game but it was also the prototype model of VE, people used telnet to login, then communicated and played in a virtual network world. MUD was based on a certain kind of programming language and it emulated a real society where people could communicate and interact each other and it was the early for of VE. MUD was developing so rapidly that promoted the growth of Lambda MOO (MUD Object-Oriented) programming language (Tomek,1999). Pavel Curtis used this language to create some early VLEs in 1990s, and the most famous one was TWUMOO which was used in Texas Woman's University shown in Figure 2.(Tomek,1999) It contained some basic functions like resource sharing, online communication, help and e-mail etc. Seen from today's angle, the interface is quite simple but it is still revolutionary as it is a GUI(Graphic User Interfac本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。