跨国企业业务与外商直接投资 [2]
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-09-14编辑:yangcheng点击率:13015
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关键词:外商直接投资FdiEconomics Essay跨国企业业务资源配置
摘要:本文是跨国企业业务与外商直接投资的相关留学生论文,外商直接投资不仅带来了资金,还引进和转让了先进的技术,可以加快东道国的技术进步。外国直接投资还可以增加东道国的竞争,并帮助其实现一个更高效的资源配置。
possess a sufficient level of technological knowledge to absorb positive externalities from FDI.
Mixed evidence from the empirical studies points out that FDI spillover effects on the productivity performance in the host country depend on the characteristics of domestic firms, industries, and host country. It is widely believed that technological progress is facilitated through inward FDI, thus it is important to examine the relationship between output and FDI. Estimating the effect of FDI on productivity becomes a standard way of measuring the impact of FDI in a host country. In the context of FDI flow in developing countries, one needs to consider the real contribution of the inflow of capital, which is the degree of improvement in productivity.
Thus, the purpose of this study is to fill this empirical part of literature by re-examining the role that FDI plays in affecting output of the manufacturing sector in Egypt from 1975 to 2005. Egypt is a particularly necessary case study to examine for some reasons. First, Egypt has been one of the developing countries having a high economic growth (GDP growth 6.84% in 2006 compared to 5.14% in the MENA, and 3.84% for the World) and a significant recipient of FDI in MENA region (around36.5% in 2006). Second, despite the fact that a large proportion of FDI has flowed into manufacturing industries, accounting for 35% of total FDI (GAFI, 2008), the role of FDI in promoting productivity is still unknown as little empirical research has been conducted on the relation between FDI and output. Thus, it is important to examine the relationship between output and FDI in the manufacturing sector. The evidence of the positive impact of FDI on output would provide a potential justification for the use of fiscal incentives to attract inward FDI and would generate important policy implications for development
strategy in Egypt. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to examine empirically whether FDI presence in the manufacturing sector has lead to a high level of output. The chapter is organised as follows. Section 2 discusses briefly the Egyptian manufacturing sector. In Section 3, we reviewed the relationship between FDI and productivity. In section 4, the model, data, and empirical results are presented. Section 5 concludes.
4.2 The manufacturing sector in Egypt
The process of industrialization in Egypt depends on utilizing technology, natural resources, and labour. Egypt is a country with very limited natural resources. Most of manufacturing technologies are imported. The competitive advantage that Egypt has is the abundant labour and as a result, the labour-intensive exports represent a significant portion of the exported manufactured products (Mobarak, 2001, p.4).
In the 1920's, the Egyptian economy was characterized to be an agricultural economy; as three quarters of the Egyptian exports were raw cotton. As a result, industrial output was mainly cotton spinning and weaving; followed by preserved food, cigarettes, soap and handicrafts. Moreover, during this decade, out of an average total population of 13 million, the number of people engaged in industry was nearly half a million, which is a relatively very small number (Aglan, 2003, p.160). Bank Misr helped the private sector establish a number of industries, especially textiles, which laid the foundation for the development of the country's modern manufacturing sector. During th
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