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ducated and trained.

Changes are already in progress as we speak, which includes collaboration between the Canadian Nurses Association, the Association of Canadian Medical Colleges, and the Canadian Association of University Schools of Nursing in partnership with Health Canada (quote). These organizations believe a learning process in which different professionals learn from, learn about and team with each other in order to develop collaborative practice. Their belief includes that if health care providers are expected to work together and share expertise in a team environment, it makes sense that their education and training should prepare them for this type of working arrangement. Such collaborative education approaches must also be careful in avoiding destructive top-down approaches that work against the very relationships they are trying to promote integrated educational curriculum for future health care providers. Through its leadership role, the Health Council of Canada can bring together health care providers, provinces and territories, and other key players in the health care system to address long-term issues and make a lasting and profound change in the future of Canada's health workforce.

农村和偏远地区-Rural and Remote Communities

The vastness of the Canadian landscape makes it difficult to ensure that all citizens have equal access to healthcare services regardless of where they live. This presents unique challenges in the delivery of health care services, especially for Canadians living in isolated rural and remote communities. Their aging population, economic difficulties and geographic isolation are among the factors that could contribute to specific health vulnerabilities in rural areas and small towns. Nonetheless, healthcare needs vary for different communities with no 'one size fits all' solution.

These concerns require specific approaches. However, a review of current approaches points to the following issues: the lack of consensus on what 'adequate' access should include; the need for effective linkages with larger centers; the challenges of serving the smallest and most remote communities; the predominance of 'urban' approaches applied to rural communities and; the lack of research. In addition, healthcare providers working in rural communities also face differing challenges as compared to their urban counterparts including high physician turnover, location of medical training, and lack of professional support. In this sense, geography in itself becomes a determinant of health for these smaller communities.

In addition, Canadians in rural communities have difficulty accessing primary health care and keeping health care providers in their communities, including accessing diagnostic services and other more advanced treatments. In some northern communities, the facilities are limited and in serious need of upgrading. About 16,000 people live in the most northern part of Canada and two-thirds of them live more than 100 km from a physician. And no physicians normally live above 70 degrees north latitude to serve the 3,300 people living there (quote). This is amplified by competition between provinces and territories trying to attract and retain the supply of health care providers, leaving the health care needs of rural and remote communities in the backseat.

The experiences of many provinces and territories as well as OEC