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2.1.1 Classroom Activity

Classroom activity, as an important means of teaching organization, play animportant role in students’ all-round development and lifelong development. Thereare many definitions of classroom activities.

Richards and Lockhart (1986) put forward that classroom activities were whatstudents do in class to achieve the teaching content or learning objectives. Brown(1991) regarded classroom activities as what learners do in the process ofunderstanding, using and interacting with the target language. Although the tasksbecome more complex, they are closely related to each other. Lu (2008) indicatedthat classroom activities are a kind of bilateral activities composed of teachers’teaching and students’ learning. During the procedure, classroom activities aremainly student-centered and teacher-guided.

In a word, there are many different definitions of classroom activities fromabroad and at home. From the view of the author, classroom activities are the tasksthat students need to complete under the guidance of teachers in order to achieve specific teaching objectives.

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2.2 A Review of Theoretical Perspectives

This paper is based on the theories of Learning by doing, English DisciplinaryCompetence and Learning -Centered Class.

2.2.1 Learning by Doing

On the basis of criticizing traditional school education, Dewey (1997) putforward the basic principle of “learning by doing”. “Learning by doing” is actuallylearning from experience, learning from activities and combining learning with doing.He had realized that if the students just sit in the classroom, let the teacher hold thematerials to tell unilaterally, without participation and exchange of views, thestudents would not receive the real effective education. Dewey thought that goodeducation came from experience, so he proposed to let students learn from doing,which was actually learning from experience, learning from activities and combininglearning with doing. In explaining the meaning of “learning by doing”, Deweyregarded “activity” as a key principle, and even regarded the concept of“self-activity” as the highest educational ideal. Through learning from the activities,students could get further growth and development, and also acquire moreknowledge and experience that fit the current life practice.

“Learning by doing” is to let students integrate, summarize and apply new andold knowledge through their own practice and experience in the process of “doing”,so as to achieve the purpose of “learning”. Dewey emphasized the direct experienceof learners, attached importance to learning for application, and cultivated students’practical application ability. He also advocated that students should be activeparticipants in teaching, and teachers should be the designers and helpers of studentactivities. Dewey advocated that the teaching method of teachers’ speaking andstudents’ listening should be changed into the teaching method of teachers’ andstudents’ common activities and experience. The essence of his thought is to changethe roles of students and teachers, so that students can really become the center of theclassroom, and teachers can change from the original center status to students’consultants and become students’ learning guides.

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