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It is neither necessary nor possible to cover all the definitions here. Besides, it is beyond the scope of this dissertation to assess the extent to which each of the statements captures reality. Rather, the definition given by David Held and Anthony McGrew, who are considered to be authoritative persons in globalization study, is thought to be broad enough in addressing most aspects of the process, and is quoted. They(2004)assert that globalization “denotes the expanding scale, growing magnitude, speeding up and deepening impact of interregional flows and patterns of social interaction. It refers to a shift or transformation in the scale of human social organization that links regions and continents.” This definition is considered to be both comprehensive and brief, and to encompass the causes, course, and the consequences of transnational and transcultural integrations. Tomlinson(2002)in Globalization and Culture points out globalization is exactly a net system rapidly developing and thus increasingly becoming intensively interconnected and interdependent. He explains this concept could have wide common ground among many scholars expounding on globalization, such as McGrew(1992), Lash and Urry(1994),and Hall(1992). To conclude, as pointed out by George Ritzer(2004),“attitudes toward globalization depend, among other things, on whether one gains or loses from it.” Due to the complexity of the concept, this dissertation adopts Held and McGrew's, and Tomlinson's definitions in understanding what implications globalization has.

全球化和反全球化——Globalization or Anti-globalization

Conflicts center on two divergences. The globalists are on one side. In their eyes, contemporary globalization is a realistic and deep changing process. The skeptics are on the other side. They refute the opposite side as making exaggerating judgements, and believe that the judgements may distract people's line of vision from the power of reality.

i. Review of the Globalists' View

The globalists emphasize that globalization shows the deep and fundamental change of the modern society's structure and system. The following are some of the representative theories.
?Globalization as the Current Reality of Capitalism

“Globalization involves both capitalist markets and sets of social relations and flows of commodities, capital, technology, ideas, form and culture, and people across national boundaries via global networked society…”(Kellner, 2002:287, Cf. Ritzer, 2004:441). In the eyes of Kellner, capitalistic economy is central to the understanding of globalization.
?The Emergence of a“Global Cosmopolitan Society”

Giddens(2000)believes there is the emergence of a “global cosmopolitan society”. He emphasizes the role the West plays in globalization: globalization “is led from the west, bears the strong imprint of American political and economic power. ”(2000:37, Cf. Ritzer, 2004:442). This viewpoint later becomes one of the main arguments the skeptics oppose.
?A World of Flows and Disjunctures

Arjun Appadurai in his book Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization(1996)characterizes globalization as a dense and fluid network of global flows, and from among its many dimensions, he identifies “ethnoscapes, technosc本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。