ources and experience to respond to HIV among IDUs.
Injecting drug users, especially women, being demonized for their drug use, rather than supported, placing them at particular risk of both human rights abuses and HIV infection
Donor agencies and countries alike failing to recognize the long-term threat to development posed by HIV and injecting drug use.
Initiatives to overcome HIV and Injecting Drug Use
UNDP and partner agencies, especially UNAIDS and UNDCP, are in a unique and appropriate position to take the lead in the planning and implementation of responses in the following areas:
Policy dialogue and reform
Programme development and monitoring
Creating awareness and understanding of the development implications of HIV and IDU
Powering community capacity to respond
Addressing gender considerations
Responding to legal , ethical and human right issues
Fig 2. This is a cartoon drawn as part of an art competition to create awareness among youths about HIV and injecting drug use. This activity was part of the UNDP regional project in Eastern Europe, CIS and Baltic States.
Also there is need to implement the MDGs in all developing countries especially on reducing poverty and ensuring good health.
Poor monitoring and evaluation systems
A basic problem is lack of specific targets (globally, nationally and at local level), measurement and data to track progress, resulting in a lack of information available to decision-makers. It is suggested for strengthening monitoring and evaluation of sustainable development strategies in order to establish a dynamic improvement process, with an objective of increasing their effectiveness. It is recommended that governments should turn up deeper and assess the socio-economicimpacts of developmental projects, rather thanthe outcomealone.
Initiatives to overcome poor monitoring and evaluation systems
Co-ordination of data within which the vast amount of data can be easily accessed.
Countries specific knowledge bases are needed to guide decision making. This is a comprehensive mechanism for monitoring the outcomes of interventions that feeds into subsequent planning processes.
National research and development systems need to be strengthened, as well as south-south and south-north knowledge sharing and management.
Institutional barriers
Institutional barriers as a result of lack of institutional experience to operate all the mechanism of democratic system has been combating and frustrating sustainable development in many developing countries. Since the end of the civil war, developing countries have made a striking movement towards democratic capitalism as the operative model of governance. Moreover in making that transition, many countries discovered that they lack institutional experience to operate all the mechanism of democratic system. They discovered that they have never witness free and fair elections with a full ballot of candidates from multiple parties. In other hand, they were not prepared to run a parliament, also not prepared to have journalists and broadcasters looking at the problems of government in a very public way.
Initiatives to overcome institutional barrier
Generating enough scientific capacity and institutional support in developing countries is particularly urgent as they are most vulnerable
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