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二、从逻辑意义的角度区别由于“W ea ther per m itting, the cricket matchwill be p layed on Wednesday . = If weather per2m its, the cricketmatch will be p layed onWednes2day . ” [ 3 ] ( P566)这两句话中的斜体部分表达基本相同的含义 ,现代英语语法从逻辑意义的角度 ,将具有显形逻辑主语和隐形逻辑主语的“ 一串词汇 ” 甚至将能扩展为一个具有逻辑主谓含义的一个“单词 ” 分析为“分句 ” ,然后将“分句 ”再分为“ 限定性分句 ” 和“ 非限定性分句 ” ,即句中有限定性动词做谓语的分句为限定性分句 ,句中没有限定性动词的分句为非限定性分句。比如 Quirk等人在其语法巨著“A Comp rehen2sive Grammar of the English Language” (1985)的“ 不定式分句 ” 下有如下例句:“To be neutral inthis conflict is out of the questi on . He likes t o re2lax . The best excuse is t o say that you have an ex2aminati on t omorr ow morning . Your ambiti on, t obecome a far mer, requires the energy and perse2verance that you s o obvi ously have . I’ m very ea2ger t o meet her . For your country t o be neutral inthis conflict is out of the questi on . I’ m very eagerfor them t o meet…” [ 8 ] ( P1061)同样他们在“ Ing分句 ” 下有例句:“Watching televisi on keep s themout of mischief . He enj oys p laying p racticalj okes . Her j ob had been selling computers . Hiscurrent research, investigating attitudes t o racialstereotypes, takes up most of his ti me . They arebusy p reparing a barbecue . I’ m res ponsible fordrawing up the budget . I intended t o voice my ob2jecti ons t o their receiving an invitati on t o ourmeeting . My forgetting her name was embarrass2ing…” [ 8 ] ( P1063 - 1064)他们还在“ 无动词分句 ” 下有例句:“A friend in need is a friend indeed . Wall2t o2 wall car pet in every r oom is their dream. Arebicycleswise in heavy traffic?” [ 8 ] ( P1068)他们将最后一例分析为含有两个“无动词分句 ” 的简单句是因为可以将其解释为:“Is it wise t o havebicycles in heavy traffic? Or Is itwise for there t obe bicycles in heavy traffic?” [ 8 ] ( P1068)这样句中的bicycles一个单词也就构成一个“无动词分句 ” 。章振邦先生在“ 不定式分句 ” 下有例句:“I hope t o be able t o come . He likes t o be invi2ted . The best thingwould be for you t o tell every2body . He opened the door for the children t ocome in . It’ s i mportant for there t o be a fire2 es2cape…” [ 3 ] ( P541 - 542)在“2ing分词分句 ” 下 ,章先生有例句:“One ofmy bad habits is biting nails .He denied having been there . I have a friend liv2ing in London . I heard hi m singing in the nextr oom. Beating a child will do more harm thangood . When sleep ing, I never hear a thing . Doyou mind my/ me making a suggesti on?With thetree growing up, we get more shade . ” [ 3 ] ( P549 - 551)还在“2 ed分词分句 ” 下有例句:“Covered withconfusi on, she hurriedly left the room. The dic2ti onary will l ook nice when p rinted . The j ob fin2ished,we went home straight away . With the treegr own tall,we get more shade…” [ 3 ] ( P554 - 555)还在“ 无动词分句 ” 下有例句:“Speechless, Vict orHenry nodded and sat on a folding seat . Big andfat, she went t o Mass every Sunday morning . Anexcellent s peaker, he was never at a l oss for aword . When still a boy of six, Bob was sent awayfr om home . Although al ways hel pful, he was notmuch liked by peop le . B reakfast over, he went t ohis counting house…” [ 3 ] ( P561 - 562)从上面的例句可以看出 ,当现代英语语法学家们能为句中的“ 形容词、形容词短语、名词或名词短语、不定式、- ing分词或 - ed分词 ” 找到一个逻辑意义上的显形或隐形主语时 ,这些结构就被分析为“ 非限定分句 ” 。这样从逻辑意义上看 ,“ 分句 ”的下位概念“非限定分句 ” 的所指外延实际上就包括了传统语法的“ 词和词组 ” 等结构。

三、从句法功能的角度区别如果根据一个或一串词汇在句中的“功能 ” 为标准,以字母构成的词素 ,以词素构成的词 ,以词构成的短语 (或词组 ) ,以及由短语构成的分句之间便不存在明确的界限 ,只要他们在句中的作用即功能相同 ,他们就是同样的短语。Quirk等人指出:“Types of noun phrasesThe noun phrase typ ically functi ons as subject, ob2ject, and comp lement of clauses and as comp le2ment of p repositi onal phrases . Consider the differ2ent subjects in the foll owing sentences :The girl is