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my sister .The bl onde girl ismy sister .The bl onde girl in blue jeans ismy sister .The bl onde girl wearing blue jeans is mysister .The bl onde girl who is wearing blue jeans ismy sister .She ismy sister . ” [ 8 ] ( P245)在 Quirk等人看来上面 6句中的 6类名词短语在句中是起同样的作用即做句子主语 ,第6句中没有名词 ,仅有一个代词 She,第 5句中的名词短语还含有一个定语从句 ,但他们在句中的功能却完全一样 ,因此可以分析为不同类型的“ 名词短语 ” 。A: Let’ s go p icnicking t omorr ow!B:What you said s ounds great . ( = It s oundsgreat . )对话中 B的两种回答几乎是同样的:此处的 What you said就等于 It的功能 ,功能主义学者从功能的角度就将他们分析为两个“名词短语 ” 。a . ly makes an adverb .b . the bomb exp l oded is a sentence .[ 9 ]在 a句中的 ly还不是一个单词 ,仅为一个词素 ,但它在句中与 b句中的 the bomb exp l oded一样做句子主语 ,因此他们同样被分析为功能相同的两个“ 名词短语 ” 。“T wo and three is / are five (2加 3等于 5) ;The t wo are separated by the Irish Sea (这两个(岛屿 )被爱尔兰海分隔开来 ) ; The poor and thesick have a hard ti me when it snows in the city(到下雪的时候这个城市里的穷人和病人就难过了 ) ; He received a l ong letter fr om his bel oved(他收到了他深爱的人的一封长信 )。 ” [ 2 ] ( P705)上面 4例中虽然没有名词作为短语的“中心词 ” ,但是 ,由于他们分别充当句子的主语和宾语 ,因此他们同样被分析为“ 名词短语 ” 。为了更好地理解根据句法功能标准划分出来的“ 短语 ” ,笔者在拙著《分析英语语法 》 中将noun phrases翻译为“名词性短语 ” ,并收集有以下例句:“Some talented young football p layersare fr om abroad . She is the best student in ourschool . Being a father is not easy nowadays . It’ snot easy t o be a father . He hopes t o become a doc2t or . What you’ ve just said s ounds reas onable . Dowhatever you like . This is what he t old me . Thefact that he’s older than me is not relevant .Knowledge is power . ” [ 10 ] ( P17 - 18)最后一例中的两个光杆名词由于是做句子的主语和补语 ,因此也被分析为两个名词短语。笔者还将 adverbphrases翻译为“ 副词性短语 ” ,并收集有以下例句:“He is a very tall man . Very happ ily she rant owards her mother . Arriving at his sister’shome, I n order t o finish the j ob earlier than thescheduled ti me, he went home very late . They arep laying basketball on the ground right now. Hehasn’ t got any hobbies— — —unless you call watc2hing T V a hobby . Sit where I can see you . Mybrother is five years older than I . ” 笔者还将 adjective phrases翻译为“ 形容词性短语 ” ,并收集有以下例句:“An extremely large shi phas been built in their fact ory . My br other, angrywith my sister now, is s moking al one in his r oom.The comp letely exhausted worker lay there fast a2sleep. The teaching building t o be built here willbe the highest one in this district . The keyboardon the desk is a new one . Her pen is in her pen2cil2 box . Houses which overl ook the lake costmore . It’ s fine . ” [ 10 ] ( P18 - 19)最后一例中的单个形容词独立充当句子补语 ,因此也被分析为形容词性短语。

      简而言之 ,只要一个或一串词汇在句中的功能是独立地充当定语 (有时是补语 ) ,它就是“ 形容词性短语 ” ;如果是做状语 ,它就是“ 副词性短语 ” ;如果是做主语或宾语 ,它就是“名词性短语 ” 。根据词或词组在句中的作用即句法功能来切分句子的组成部分的思想早在叶斯柏森的“ 三品 ” 分法中就已经体现了 ,比如 ,他不仅将terribly cold weather中的名词 weather分析为“ 首品 ” ,将形容词 cold分析为“次品 ” ,将副词terribly分析为“末品 ” 。他还把做主语、 宾语、补语或同位语的形容词、 副词、 代词、 动名词、 不定式 ,甚至分句也分析为“首品 ” :“One mustbow t o the inevitable . We shall leave here t omor2r ow. None of his brothers had any chil2dren . ” [ 11 ] ( P82)“He entered the r oom withoutgreeting anybody . Comp li menting is ly2ing . ” [ 11 ] ( P514)“To see you is al ways a great p leas2ure . To err is human, t o forgive, divine . ” [ 11 ] ( P527)“That he is dead seems t olerably certain . Theworst thing is that he never ans wers our letters . Ibelieve that he is dead . My suggesti on that he wasmad was not accep table by everybody . It is t o beregretted that he should have come just now.Whoever says s o is a liar . ” [ 11 ] ( P564)他还把做定语的名词、 代词和副词以及不定式和分句分析为“ 次品 ” :“gold coin, st one wall,my (our, your,her, their, no, s ome, any, every) book, the a本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。