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to cut one of his fingers; whereupon the emperor hisfather published an edict, commanding all his subjects upongreatpenalties to break the smallerend of theireggs. The peopleso highly resented this law, that our historians tell us, therehave been big rebellions raised on that account. (Swift)

例3运用的是讽喻辞格。从表面上看,作者Swift在这段话讲述的是一个历史故事:从前一个国王命令人们吃鸡蛋时必须打较小的一端,违者重罚,于是引起了巨大叛乱。然而,他的真正目的是想通过这个历史故事来影射和讽刺英国当时的天主教和新教的小题大做以及它们之间无聊的斗争。如果不了解英国的这段历史文化背景,在脱离文化语境的情况下,任何读者都无法理解该段文章的讽刺意义,那么就读者而言的语篇衔接也就无法实现。

例4: The efficient and capable foreman no longer existed;the friendly, consistent Phineas Gage was dead, in his placerose a childlike phoenix with the strength of an ox and an eviltemper tomatch it. (Dr. Collin Blackmore)phoenix

(不死鸟)是埃及神话故事中生活在阿拉伯沙漠中的一种十分美丽的鸟,相传该鸟每500至600年火葬柴堆一次,然后在灰烬中再生。作者Dr. Collin Blackmore运用引喻辞格将死而复生的Phineas Gage说成一只phoenix。就该引喻的语篇外部衔接途径而言,一方面作者让语篇中的人物PhineasGage照应于语篇外埃及神话故事这一文化语境中的不死鸟,另一方面读者必须运用该语境所提供的不死鸟的种种特征才能理解语篇中PhineasGage的特征。

例5: TheNegro has a callus growing on his soul and it’sgetting harder and harder to hurthim there. That’s a simple lawofnature. Like a callus on the foot in a shoe that’s too tight.The foot is nature’s and that shoewas puton byman. The tightshoewillpinch your footandmake you cream in pain. Butsoon-er or later, if you don’t take the shoe of,f a calluswill form onthe foot and begin towear out the shoe.It’s the samewith theNegro inAmerica. That shoe—thewhiteman’s system—has pinched and rubbed and squeezed hissouluntil ithas almostdestroyed him. But itdidn’t. And now acallus has formed on his sou,l and unless thatsystem is adjustedto fithim, too, that callus is going towear out that system.(Dick Gregory)

例5运用的是类比修辞格。作者DickGregory在文中提出,折磨黑人灵魂的白人制度( the whiteman’s system)与黑人(theNegro)的关系类似人脚上所穿的小鞋(shoe)与长出的老茧(a callus)的关系。穿小鞋的脚最初很痛,但过了一段时间,一层老茧长出后,脚就会不痛了,而且这层老茧反过来开始磨损小鞋。同样的道理,最初白人制度给黑人的灵魂带来的只有痛苦的折磨,但过了一段时间,等黑人适应了这种制度,就会开始对它产生磨损。该辞格的运用跨越两个段落,第一段论述小鞋与老茧的关系,第二段用同样简单的道理类推黑人与白人制度的关系。分别在两个段落中出现的喻体“穿小鞋的脚长出的老茧”(a callus on the foot in a shoethat’s too tight)和本体“白人制度在黑人灵魂上磨出的茧”(a callus growing on his soul)以及对其各个方面的相同之处的比较(第一段的“The tight shoe will pinch your foot andmake you cream in pain”和“a callus will form on the foot andbegin towear out the shoe”分别对应与第二段的“the white-man’s system has pinched and rubbed and squeezed his soul”和“that callus is going towear out that system”)将该语本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。