een mentioned above, other techniques in The Old Man and the Sea, such as realism, monologue, the creation of suspense and so on, are also very successful. All these show Hemingway’s superb artistic attainments as a Nobel Prize winner.
Notes:
1. Kenneth Graham, “commentary” in York Notes: The Old Man and the Sea, (Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1991), p41
2. Chang Yaoxin, “Chapter 14” in A Survey of American Literature, (TianJin: Nankai University Press, 1987), p304
3. Mary A. Campbell, “Study Guide” in The Old Man and the Sea, (Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1998), p126
4. Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea, (Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1998), p8
5. Ibid, p83
6. Kenneth Graham, “commentary” in York Notes: The Old Man and the Sea, (Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1991), p42
7. Ibid, p45
8. Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea, (Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1998), p20
9. Ernest Hemingway, Death in the Afternoon, (New York, 1932), p138
10. Times, 13 December 1954.
11. Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea, (Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1998), p2
12. Ibid, p1
13. Chang Yaoxin, “Chapter 14” in A Survey of American Literature, (TianJin: Nankai University Press, 1987), p295
14. A.E.Hotchner, Papa Hemingway, (New York: Random House, 1966), p1
15. Roger Asselineau, ed, “Hemingway’s English Reputation” in The Literary Reputation of Hemingway in Europe, (New York: New York University Press, 1965), p15
16. Ibid, p10
17. Chang Yaoxin, “Chapter 14” in A Survey of American Literature, (TianJin: Nankai University Press, 1987), p305
18. Kenneth Graham, “commentary” in York Notes: The Old Man and the Sea, (Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1991), p25
19. Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea, (Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1998), p79
20. Kenneth Graham, “commentary” in York Notes: The Old Man and the Sea, (Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1991), p29
21. Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea, (Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1998), p26
22. Kenneth Graham, “commentary” in York Notes: The Old Man and the Sea, (Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1991), p29
23. Peter B. High, “Chapter 11” in An
Outline of American Literature, (New York: Long man Inc., 1986), p147
Bibliography:
1. Chang Yaoxin, “Chapter 14” in A Survey of American Literature. TianJin: Nankai University Press, 1987
2. Kenneth Graham, “commentary” in York Notes: The Old Man and the Sea. Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1991
3. Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea. Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1998
4. 崔道怡等编.《“冰山”理论:对话与潜对话》工人出版社, 1987.
5. 刁绍华. 《海明威》. 辽宁人民出版社, 1980.
6. 傅景川. 《二十世纪美国小说史》. 吉林教育出版社, 1996
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