中美文化视野中对个人主义的认同差异The Different Recognitions Towards Individualism Between Chinese and American Culture [2]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-10编辑:刘宝玲点击率:19343
论文字数:26000论文编号:org200904101121359135语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:Individualismcultural phenomenonthe positive aspectsocial product个人主义文化现念积极因素社会产物
fied only with right or wrong. It should be justified objectively and justly. Only after right recognitions have been accepted, China could gain a brand-new way to develop it and Chinese people could also build up their confidence and promote the reliance of their self-worth.
Ⅰ. Individualism in America
A. The Origin of Individualism
As to the origin of individualism, different scholars have different recognitions. The concept of individual of Americans rooted in the philosophy in 17th century represented by British philosopher Lock. Lock claimed that the basic unit of the nature is individual, and he presumed that all the individuals fought for their own interests. Individualism firstly appeared in the French Revolution, which created by Saint-Simon camp to express situation of the people in the 19th century, that is rootless, idealess and faithless, and their merciless competition and exploitation. Nevertheless, the much suitable recognition is Renaissance and reformation. Since Renaissance, the attitude towards liberalism has begun to form. The main construction for the liberalism given by Renaissance is humanism and the individualism. When the writer, the artist and the thinker talk about human, they refer to the individual more and more. If Renaissance is the beginning of individualism, the reformation prompts the further development of individualism. In western world, religious play an important role of the individualism’s formation. God create human and give the soul to everyone that means He also gives people the meaning of existence and the basic right. Early Reformation affirmed the conscience and judgment of individual, and widened the way for the development of individualism. In addition, the prosecution to the puritans caused them to seek for freedom, independence and democracy in the new land, America. Therefore, immigrants of Europe brought their new thinking, which formed after the Reformation to America, and in this new land, this kind of new thinking began to develop to democracy and individualism. Quite different from the European countries, Feudalism never deeply rooted in America, so during the long history of social practice in America, individualism acquired a definition different from selfish. Future more, the appearance of individualism has nothing to do with somebody or something but with the development of capitalism country, and the rule of Bourgeois morality; the reflection of private ownership of the means of production in people’ awareness and a kind of cultural phenomenon.
B. The Influence of Individualism on American Society
During the prosperous development of capitalism, individualism played a very important role in fighting against Feudal asceticism, Autocracy and religious rule. Therefore, in America, individualism developed to a quite active direction, and showed a positive influence. In the process of transplant form Europe to America, individualism also completes the transformation from negative to positive; from young to mature and from theory to practice. Individualism’s success in America shows that the acceptance of individualism in America has something to do with the freedom, the equality and the chance of a society.
As we all known, America is a country which quite advocates the law and the system, and American people have a great belief to them. The United States Constitution and the Law provide that the power of the government is from the people and belongs to the people; the
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