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udents  from  key universities  in  Beijing,  Shanghai,  Guangzhou  and  other  economically  and educationally  developed  regions  as  the  research  objects.  However,  there  are  few researches on English learning motivation of senior high school students within SDT framework, and even fewer researches use this theory to investigate English learning motivation in minority regions. 

This  study  investigated  the  English  learning  motivation  of  senior  high  school students  in  Gansu  Hui  Autonomous  Region  through  questionnaire  and  interview.  It also  made  some  strategies  to  stimulate  students'  English  learning  motivation  by interviewing students, so as to help students realize the significance of motivation in English learning and use motivation to improve the efficiency of English learning.

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Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 Definitions of Related Concepts

2.1.1 Motivation

Keller (1983: 389) defined motivation from science and technology.  According to Keller, it referred to “the choices people make as to what experiences or goals they will  approach  or  avoid,  and  the  degree  of  effort  they  will  exert  in  this  respect.” According  to  Keller,  the  motivation  is  persons'  resolution  to  accomplish  goals. Gardner (1985: 10) defined motivation as “the individual works or strives to learn the language because of a need to do so and the satisfaction experienced in this activity”, which  had  a  great  impact  on  the  following  research  of  motivation.  In  other  words, they  generally  set  a  goal  for  themselves  and  then  work  hard  to  achieve  it,  when learners  are  motivated  by  others  in  the  learning  process.  Brown  (1994)  marked motivation  as  the  choice  made  to  engage  in  the  aim  and  the  degree  of  effort  in achieving  the  goal.  From  the  perspective  of  cognitive  psychology,  Pintrich  and Schunk  (1996)  suggested  that  motivation  is  an  internal  psychological  process  and internal  motivation  to  guide,  stimulate  and  maintain  individual  activities  by  goals. Research  which  was  conducted by Dönyei (1998: 118) indicated that motivation as “a process whereby a certain amount of instigation force arises, initiates action, and persists  as  long  as  no  other  forces  comes  into  play  to  weaken  it  and  thereby terminates action, or until the planned outcome has been reached.” 

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