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ls that support your arguments, but also collect the materials that don’t support your arguments. Only in this way can your writing be proved to be scientific, and your arguments can hold water. What should we write down when we collect and read materials? While we are collecting and reading materials, try to form the habit of taking notes, including: the author, title, edition, press, publishing place and time, page, etc. for a book; magazine, volume, page, author, title and publishing place and time for a magazine, or else. A Puzzle剪刀+糨糊=? “The Scissors--paste Trick” is a very popular way among some people to produce papers. Notice:After we’ve got enough materials, we should sort out and analyze the materials carefully and consider whether what you are going to write about is scientific and valuable or not, and whether it is possible for you to write yours, and then you may decide the title of your thesis after you have read enough materials and decided on the theme. Now it will be clear what you are going to write about and next is to read for the arguments to support your statement. References参考书目 Bolinger, D. L. Interrogative Structures of American English [M]. Alabama: The University of Alabama Press. Eckman, F.1977. Markedness and the contrastive analysis hypothesis [J]. Language Learning 27: 315-330. Weber, E. 1993. Varieties of Questions in English Conversation [M]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 刘月华，1988，语调是非句[J]，《语言教学与研究》第二期。张南峰，1990，认真为上[A]，载《王尔德戏剧选》[C]。福建：海峡文艺出版社。 (Adopted from Foreign Language Teaching and Research: 2/2004, Page 143) Chapter 4 Shape an Outline All the process in which we have taken great efforts to collect materials is to “write”. What should we do first before we begin writing? Make up an outline Shape a Framework In this stage, we should make a framework first: That is to decide from which sides to write and how many parts we are going to write, and how many smaller parts are going to be written in each part. The key is to use the logical way to make each part organize together and each of them can’t be reversed and each of them can’t be cut off, and each part should be entered on the theme. Write an Outline make an outline: That is to write out the framework. Generally speaking, an outline contains three levels: ---------------------------------------------------- Title Introduction → 1-2 paragraphs ↗ Part 1 → facts and details Body → Part 2 → facts and details ↘ Part 3 → facts and details Conclusion → 1-2 paragraphs ------------------------------------------------------- More about Outline In the body, we can also illustrate as below: ----------------------------------------------------- ↗Argument → facts and details Theme → Argument → facts and details ↘Argument → facts and details ------------------------------------------------------ Why is it necessary to write an outline before we write a thesis? It can help the writer: combine the separate materials into a whole body and consider the logical relationship of the materials find out what the writer still don’t know clearly about and what materials are still needed to collect and to think about. decide which materials will be used and which materials will be left out. Which is better, a