Bussiness ManagementMBAstrategyHuman ResourceMarketingHospitalityE-commerceInternational Tradingproject managementmedia managementLogisticsFinanceAccountingadvertisingLawBusiness LawEducationEconomicsBusiness Reportbusiness planresearch proposal
英语论文题目英语教学英语论文商务英语英语论文格式商务英语翻译广告英语商务英语商务英语教学英语翻译论文英美文学英语语言学文化交流中西方文化差异英语论文范文英语论文开题报告初中英语教学英语论文文献综述英语论文参考文献
ResumeRecommendation LetterMotivation LetterPSapplication letterMBA essayBusiness Letteradmission letter Offer letter
澳大利亚论文英国论文加拿大论文芬兰论文瑞典论文澳洲论文新西兰论文法国论文香港论文挪威论文美国论文泰国论文马来西亚论文台湾论文新加坡论文荷兰论文南非论文西班牙论文爱尔兰论文
小学英语教学初中英语教学英语语法高中英语教学大学英语教学听力口语英语阅读英语词汇学英语素质教育英语教育毕业英语教学法
英语论文开题报告英语毕业论文写作指导英语论文写作笔记handbook英语论文提纲英语论文参考文献英语论文文献综述Research Proposal代写留学论文代写留学作业代写Essay论文英语摘要英语论文任务书英语论文格式专业名词turnitin抄袭检查
temcet听力雅思考试托福考试GMATGRE职称英语理工卫生职称英语综合职称英语职称英语
经贸英语论文题目旅游英语论文题目大学英语论文题目中学英语论文题目小学英语论文题目英语文学论文题目英语教学论文题目英语语言学论文题目委婉语论文题目商务英语论文题目最新英语论文题目英语翻译论文题目英语跨文化论文题目
日本文学日本语言学商务日语日本历史日本经济怎样写日语论文日语论文写作格式日语教学日本社会文化日语开题报告日语论文选题
职称英语理工完形填空历年试题模拟试题补全短文概括大意词汇指导阅读理解例题习题卫生职称英语词汇指导完形填空概括大意历年试题阅读理解补全短文模拟试题例题习题综合职称英语完形填空历年试题模拟试题例题习题词汇指导阅读理解补全短文概括大意
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:学术文章 Scholarship Essay登出时间:2015-06-30编辑:g790726705点击率:17904
论文字数:7023论文编号:org201506271458333438语种:英语 English地区:印度价格:免费论文
关键词:
摘要:阐述土地对于印度这个农业大国经济发展的地位
On the eve of independence, there were large disparities in the tenure system mostly spoiled and corrupted due to the British invasion. Indian agricultural land was administered under three broad types of land tenure systems: the zamindari system, ryotwari system, and mahalwari system. The zamindari system was the most widespread, covering 57 percent of cultivated land in British India. Under this system the feudal lords (zamindars, jagirdars, talukdars, etc.) and other persons previously designated as land tax collectors were the proprietors of the land. The zamindar's estates ranged in size from a few acres to tens of thousands of acres. The zamindari system of receiving rent through levels of legally recognized tenure holders was generally more developed in northern India than in south or central India. This system prevailed in Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Bengal, and Orissa, and parts of Assam, Andhra Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh. The second broad type of land tenure system was the ryotwari system, which covered about 38 percent of cultivated land in British India. The ryotwari system prevailed in much of southern India including present-day Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, as well as most of Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh and parts of Assam, Bihar, and Rajasthan. The ryotwari system recognized individual cultivators (ryots or raiyats) as proprietors of their land with generally recognized rights to sell, lease, mortgage, and otherwise transfer their land. The system did not legally recognize any kind of intermediary interest between the cultivator and the state; the proprietors paid land revenue directly to the colonial administration. Nonetheless, informal intermediaries of the zamindari type emerged even in areas where the ryotwari (and mahalwari) systems had strongholds. While some raiyats were owner-cultivators, many rented out part or all of their land to tenants, mostly sharecroppers. Only approximately five percent of British India's cultivated land was administered under the third type of land tenure scheme, the mahalwari system. Under this system, land revenue was assigned to and paid by entire village units (mahals). Peasant farmers contributed shares of the total amount of land revenue owned by the village in proportion to their holdings. The mahalwari system existed in most of present-day Punjab and Haryana, as well as parts of Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Uttar Pradesh. Further there was a class division in this system and namely three different classes prevailed. The first class of maliks which 本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。