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Chapter I Introduction

In this Chapter, the author gives a general introduction of background information, theresearch questions, the significance and organization of the thesis.

在本章中，笔者给出的背景资料，研究问题，意义和组织的论文的总体介绍。

1.1 Research Background
Fossilization refers to the phenomenon that the second language learners find it verydifficult for them to make process in their English learning after a period of study, althoughwith strong learning motivations and hard work. It is a phenomenon like “plateau”, whichmay occurs at any level of second language learners, and such non-progression of learning isvery frustrating for both teachers and learners.Therefore, fossilization, as a common phenomenon and a huge obstacle for learners insecond language acquisition, has become a concerning topic for researchers in this field.According to Selinker (1972), most of the second language learners fail to achieve the targetlanguage competence. To be more precise, when the internalized system of the secondlanguage learners contains language rules which are every different from those in the systemof target language, their learning of the target language will be discontinued.Up to the present day, a good many researches have been done on the topic offossilization with the purpose of exploring the possible solutions to this issue. Theseresearches mainly cover the definition and the interpretation of fossilization, its casual factorsand the possible strategies to prevent it. In recent decades, a number of researches onlanguage fossilization have been implored both at home and abroad. However, many of theresearches on language fossilization are concentrated on this phenomenon at theoretical levels.The main limitation here is the lack of empirical studies of fossilization both at home andabroad.

1.1研究背景
僵化现象是指第二语言学习者的现象发现他们很难使他们的英语学习过程中，经过一段时间的学习，虽然具有较强的学习动机和辛勤工作。它是一种现象，如“高原”，这可能发生在任何级别的第二语言学习者，这种无进展的学习是非常令人沮丧的教师和学生都。因此，僵化，学习者在第二语言习得作为一个普遍的现象，一个巨大的障碍，已成为这一领域的研究人员在一个有关的话题。根据Selinker（1972），大部分的第二语言学习者无法达到目标的语言表达能力。为了更准确，当第二语言学习者的内在系统包含从这些系统中的目标语言是每一个不同的语言规则，将停止他们的学习目标语言。截至到目前的一天，一个良好的许多研究已经僵化的话题进行探索可能的解决方案，这个问题的目的。这些研究主要包括僵化的定义和解释，其偶然因素和可能的战略，以防止它。近几十年来，一些语言僵化的研究已在国内和国外都恳求。然而，很多语言僵化的研究都集中在对这一现象的理论水平。主要限制是缺乏在国内和国外的实证研究僵化。

1.2 Research Questions
In this thesis, the author studies the phenomenon of fossilization by concentrating on thewritten errors of the senior high students. And three research questions are proposed beforethe study.
(1) Is there any consistency of students’ errors in compositions across Grade 10 and 11?
(2) What causes result in this fossilized errors/fossilization?
(3) What strategies are feasible to prevent fossilization?

1.3 Significance of the Research
The study of language fossilization has significance in three aspects:Firstly, it contributes to make fossilization further understood. Fossilization is a verycommon and complex phenomenon for many second language learners. That is to say, themajority of second language learners will feel it tough to continue to achieve higher levels ofthe target language after having reached a certain degree.Secondly, from the perspective of language learners, especially second language learners,the phenomenon of language fossilization is universally common in the process of languagelearning and has become the main obstacle of learning.本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。