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The body is invaded by technology in Dick’s simulacra world and becomes aneditable and reproducible item.Being the simulacra of animal bodies,the electric animalsin the novel complete the simulation of human desires and needs,presenting humanswith the illusion of subjectivity with a false sense of contentment and security.Theadvancement of technology has blurred the line between androids and humans,and androids has become a possible danger to the annihilation of humans.The growingtendency of androids as simulacra of bodies has steadily outpaced the controllable rangeof human beings,worsening the loss of human subjectivity.

2.1.1 Electric Animals

Electric animals,the simulacra of animal bodies,belong to the category of industrialsimulacra,which corresponds to the“production”stage in the three orders of simulacra,where a non-differentiated series of products without prototypes are produced.InSymbolic Exchange and Death,Baudrillard points out the characteristics of this order ofsimulacra.

The second-order simulacrum simplifies the problem by the absorption ofappearances,or by the liquidation of the real,whichever you prefer.In anycase it erects a reality without images,without echo,without mirrors,withoutappearances:such indeed is labour,such is the machine,such is the entireindustrial system of production in that it is radically opposed to the principleof theatrical illusion(Baudrillard 54).

2.2 The Simulacra of Spaces

In the simulacra world described in the novel,technology first leads to thecompression of human living space,and then creates hyperreal spiritual spaces forhumans with the help of technological products,completing the splicing of humans andtechnological objects.This also means that technology and human beings haveestablished a symbiotic relationship.However,under the pursuit of perfect technology byhuman beings,technological products with the crystallization of human wisdom aregradually encroaching on the subjectivity of human beings.

2.2.1 The Compression of Living Space

In the doomsday scenario described by Dick,humankind wages war with the help of nuclear technology.However,the nuclear war has led to the shrinking of the natural andartificial spaces that constitute the main field of human life.At the same time,thedeterioration of the ecological environment,the extinction of urban clusters,and thecontinuous expansion of Kipple are eating up the space for human existence at anunprecedented rate.

The Earth’s environment has been irreversibly damaged.In addition to thesuccessive extinctions of species,many people have died as a result.The survivors wereeither coaxed by the government to emigrate to Mars or stayed on Earth by choice inorder to see“one another,take heart at their mutual presence”(Dick 12).Because thereproductive capacity of a large number of survivors has been dramatically weakenedand the population has also been significantly reduced,the government has issued lawsand regulations that make abortion illegal and punishable by life imprisonment.

CHAPTER THREE MediaAND SIMULACRA.....................33

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