英语论文网

listening comprehension,the definition of listening should be consideredfirst.Different scholars have different views,but a definition given by theInternational Listening Association seems to reflect the consensus:“listening is theprocess of receiving,constructing meaning from,and responding to spoken and/ornonverbal messages”(Bentley&Bacon,1996).On top of that,different emphaseshave been laid.For example,Lynch and Mendelsohn(2010)defined listening as theprocess of recognizing the sounds uttered by the speaker,perceiving intonationpatterns showing necessary information,and interpreting the relevance of what isbeing said to the current topic.Bostrom(2011)conceived listening as the process ofacquiring,processing,and retaining information in the interpersonal context.According to Worthington and Bodie(2018),listening involves complex cognitiveprocess of noticing,comprehending,interpreting,evaluating,and making sense of thespoken language.

The definition of listening comprehension also varies among academics.In thebroad sense,the definition of listening comprehension is similar to that of listening.Vandergrift and Goh(2009)saw listening comprehension as an active,strategic andconstructive process of extracting and constructing meaning of the spoken text.Nadig(2013)diagnostically confirmed listening comprehension as an active process ofattending to the perceptual input(speech),constructing meaning from segments ofspeech,and relating what is heard to prior knowledge.Kim and Pilcher(2016)affirmed that listening comprehension entails cognitive processes of extracting andconstructing meaning from the oral language at the discourse level.Anderson(2020)systematically defined listening comprehension as a three-phase process involvingperceiving,parsing,and utilizing speech.However,in the narrow sense,sometraditional opinions referred to listening comprehension as the products of listening interms of correct answers to questions without considering the role of processes thatbring about those products(Azizinia et al.2017;Field,2019;McAndrews,2021).According to Byrnes(1984)and Richards(1983),listening comprehension is theproduct of teaching approach associated closely with reading comprehensionregardless of different input.Dirven and Oakeshott-Taylor(1984)agreed that listeningcomprehension is the typical product of teaching approach,but limited it to“spokenlanguage understanding”.The definition of listening comprehension appears to differin the narrow and broad senses.To avoid ambiguity,in this study,listeningcomprehension is broadly defined as the cognitive process of listening to andcomprehending the oral language.

CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY...........................23

3.1 Overview.................................23

3.2 Participants.................................23

CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS.................................31

4.1 Overview.....................................31

4.2 Results related to research question 1..............................31

4.3 Results related to research question 2..............................35

CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION..................................40

5.1 Overview............................40

5.2 Discussion of research question 1............本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。