英语论文网

cial leverage and the extent of voluntary disclosure (Trotman and Bradley, 1981). However, Chow and Wong Boren (1987) and Ahmed and Nicolls (1994) and Mohamed Zain and Tamoi Janggu (2006) found no statistical relationship between financial leverage and voluntary disclosure.

(iv) Size of audit firm.

Hossain et al. (1994), and Ng and Koh, (1993, 1994) found a positive relationship between auditor and voluntary disclosure. Some found no relationship between audit firm and disclosure. For example, Malone et al. (1993) found no relationship between auditor and disclosure in the United States oil and gas industry. A study by Tan, Kidman and Cheong (1990) and Mohamed Zain and Tamoi Janggu (2006) also found no support to the audit firm and disclosure relationship in Malaysia. This is not consistent with recent study by Mohamad and Ahmad (2001) who found that environmental disclosure is negatively related to audit firm.

(v) Ownership

Publicly-owned firms are expected to face pressure to disclose additional information due to visibility and accountability issues resulting from the larger group of stakeholders than privately-owned companies. Companies concerned with the investors’ risk will also provide more social and environmental information than other firms (Cormier and Gordon, 2001). There are also differences in the nature of social and environmental disclosure depending on the company’s country of ultimate ownership. Companies in countries with high levels of social consciousness (example, Sweden and Canada) are more likely to provide more information of voluntary disclosure (Moneva and Llena, 2000).

In addition, societal values, a political and legal system and country of domicile were found to be variables influencing social accounting disclosure (Adams and Harte, 1998). Previous studies have focused on country of ownership and social disclosure. However, his study will look at ownership from different point of view, for example, based on shareholding of top five shareholders. The corporation is classified as “individual” owner if majority of the shares are held by individual shareholders and likewise, if majority of shares are owned by “corporate or other companies” then the corporation is classified as “corporate” ownership.

 

chapter 4 

In this research, the sample was represented from the main board of public listed companies in Bursa Malaysia for the year ended 2008. The random sampling method was used in selects the sample from each sector of the public listed companies in main board companies in Malaysia. The research was based on secondary data collected from the annual report and company’s website of main board companies. The sample will be selected from both financial and non-financial companies listed on the main board of Bursa Malaysia in the year 2008. The research will select the companies that are listed in the main board of Bursa Malaysia from seven sectors that is construction, consumer product, trading and services, finance, hotel, properties, and technology in year 2008.

The descriptive analysis method was used in this research. The sample of large companies from the seven sectors represent the final sample of the each sector after take into c本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。