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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:学期论文 termpaper登出时间:2014-11-19编辑:Cinderella点击率:12106
论文字数:6563论文编号:org201411182134568047语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
摘要:即将在非洲就业的传播新闻系学生们,却在学习着罗马和希腊文明,这不是偶然。文化种族主义依然存在。本文作者通过实验的方式,为传播新闻系的学生们传授非洲文化,探讨相关课程对他们的影响,将文化问题转换为了新闻伦理学问题。
The performance of rituals for the departed is premised on the belief that if they continually make that “religious and philosophical statement…then the physically deceased members of the family continue to be part of that family” and immortality is assured (Richards, 1996:212). It is through ritual that the “unexplainable is understood, that chaos is made to be ordered within the logic of tradition” (Richards, 1996:213). The “unexplainable” that is referred to, is, among other things, the phenomenon of death. Spirituality, in African culture, “acknowledged the reality of a nonmaterial world, as the material world was seen as incapable of explaining the totality of human experience” (Akyeampong & Obeng, 2005:24).
So, through ritual: “trauma is avoided, crises dealt with and overcome, and difficult transitions perceived as passages between stages of normal growth and development” (Richards, 1996:213). Through rituals, through ancestor-remembrance, the connection between the departed souls and those remaining behind is kept intact, unbroken. Death is treated as a phase, a transition from one form of life to another. Through the performance of rituals.we become our ancestors and so transcend the boundaries of ordinary space and time and the limitations of separation which they impose. When we call the spirits and they enter our bodies, we symbolize in our being the joining of, and therefore communication between, two spheres of the universe: heaven and earth (Richards 1996:213).
The setting of portions of food for people who are not physically there is, as Richards (1996:213) notes, “a statement about the necessity and value of their spiritual presence, a statement which can be made materially because of the relationship between spirit and matter”. The rituals are premised on the belief that there is an interrelationship and interdependence between all beings within the universe.
Nature-reverence
It is for the same reason that a carver makes a sacrifice to the spirit of a tree from which he cuts (Richards, 1996:213 – 214) in the African cultural belief that if we take or destroy, we must give or rebuild; for there is one spiritual unity which joins us all, and, if we do not ritualize this truth, we will end by destroying ourselves.
What Richards is referring to here is nature-reverence, which has been distorted by many as“animismor“nature-worship”. Reflecting on this, Abrahams (2000:375) notes.All life, all living things – animals, plants, trees, rocks, man – have this in common: they are born of the earth, the land. They are therefore related to each other .
For a Coloured female student, African culture is both “a beautiful and confusing concept”, a concept that conjures up an image of “beautifu本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。